Ginsburg K A, Moghissi K S
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Detroit, Michigan.
Fertil Steril. 1988 May;49(5 Suppl 2):16S-30S.
Research continues toward developing an universally acceptable, safe, and effective contraceptive to inhibit the female reproductive process. Progestational systems, either alone or in combination with small amounts of estrogen, approach such an ideal. The pregnane and 19-nortestosterone progestins were examined in this review with regard to contraceptive mechanisms of action and major side effects, such as menstrual abnormalities, metabolic changes, neoplasia, and teratogenicity. These steroids provide highly effective and long-acting contraception, and bypass the oral route of administration, resulting in fewer gastrointestinal and systemic side effects. Data regarding the lack of a deleterious effect of contraceptive progestogens on fetal malformation or cancer of the breast and genital tract reinforce their safety. Further study and refinement are needed, however, to lower the incidence of menstrual abnormalities, hypertension, and detrimental lipid alterations prior to approval for general use.
针对开发一种普遍可接受、安全且有效的抑制女性生殖过程的避孕药具的研究仍在继续。孕激素系统，无论是单独使用还是与少量雌激素联合使用，都接近这样一种理想状态。在本综述中，对孕烷和19-去甲睾酮类孕激素的避孕作用机制和主要副作用进行了研究，如月经异常、代谢变化、肿瘤形成和致畸性。这些甾体提供高效长效避孕作用，且绕过口服给药途径，从而减少胃肠道和全身副作用。关于避孕用孕激素对胎儿畸形或乳腺及生殖道癌症无有害影响的数据进一步证明了其安全性。然而，在批准普遍使用之前，还需要进一步研究和改进，以降低月经异常、高血压和有害血脂改变的发生率。
