J Am Optom Assoc. 1988 Feb;59(2):95-105.
Vision is not simply the ability to read a certain size letter at a distance of 20 feet. Vision is a complex and adaptable information gathering and processing system which collects, groups, analyzes, accumulates, equates, and remembers information. In this review, some of the essential components of the visual system and their disorders which can be physiologically and clinically identified, i.e., the oculomotor, the accommodative, and the fusional vergence systems have been discussed. Any dysfunctions in these systems, can lessen the quality and quantity of the initial input of information into the visual system. Deficiencies in one or more of these visual subsystems have been shown to result in symptoms, such as blurred or uncomfortable vision or headaches, or behavioral signs such as rubbing of the eyes, eyes turning inward or outward, reduced job efficiency or reading performance, or simply the avoidance of near point tasks. In addition, these signs/symptoms may contribute to reducing a person's attention and interest in near tasks. The goal of vision therapy is to eliminate visual problems, thereby reducing the frequency and severity of the patient's signs and symptoms. Vision therapy should only be expected to be of clinical benefit to patients who have detectable visual deficiencies. In response to the question, "How effective is vision therapy in remediating visual deficiencies?," it is evident from the research presented that there is sufficient scientific support for the efficacy of vision therapy in modifying and improving oculomotor, accommodative, and binocular system disorders, as measured by standardized clinical and laboratory testing methods, in the majority of patients of all ages for whom it is properly undertaken and employed. The American Optometric Association reaffirms its long-standing position that vision therapy is an effective therapeutic modality in the treatment of many physiological and information processing dysfunctions of the vision system. It continues to support quality optometric care, education, and research and will cooperate with all professions dedicated to providing the highest quality of life in which vision plays such an important role.
视力不仅仅是在20英尺远的距离能看清特定大小字母的能力。视力是一个复杂且可适应的信息收集与处理系统，它收集、分组、分析、积累、等同并记忆信息。在本综述中，已经讨论了视觉系统的一些基本组成部分及其可在生理和临床上识别的紊乱情况，即眼球运动系统、调节系统和融合性聚散系统。这些系统中的任何功能障碍都可能降低进入视觉系统的初始信息的质量和数量。已表明这些视觉子系统中一个或多个的缺陷会导致症状，如视力模糊或不适、头痛，或行为体征，如揉眼、眼睛向内或向外转动、工作效率或阅读能力下降，或仅仅是回避近点任务。此外，这些体征/症状可能会导致一个人对近距离任务的注意力和兴趣降低。视觉治疗的目标是消除视觉问题，从而减少患者体征和症状的频率和严重程度。视觉治疗仅预期对有可检测到的视觉缺陷的患者有临床益处。对于“视觉治疗在纠正视觉缺陷方面有多有效？”这个问题，从所呈现的研究中可以明显看出，对于大多数接受适当治疗和使用的各年龄段患者，通过标准化临床和实验室测试方法衡量，视觉治疗在改善和纠正眼球运动、调节和双眼系统紊乱方面有足够的科学依据支持其疗效。美国验光协会重申其长期立场，即视觉治疗是治疗视觉系统许多生理和信息处理功能障碍的有效治疗方式。它继续支持高质量的验光护理、教育和研究，并将与所有致力于提供视力在其中起着如此重要作用的最高质量生活的专业领域合作。
