University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.
Boromarajonani College of Nursing Khon Kaen, Thailand.
J Interpers Violence. 2022 Apr;37(7-8):NP3832-NP3855. doi: 10.1177/0886260520948150. Epub 2020 Aug 26.
Male victims of rape and sexual violence (SV) constitute a highly stigmatized group who doubly suffer the trauma of SV and hegemonic notions of real masculinity that punishes weakness and vulnerability in men. This double exposure produces a stigmatizing identity (i.e., male victim stigma) that is embedded in grand narratives about male SV. However, helping professionals have been implicated in this (de)stigmatizing process. Few studies describe the role victim service providers (VSPs) play as (de)stigmatizing agents. This study is among the first to explore VSP narratives on their stigma awareness and stigma management practices. Story-focused interview methods elicited responses from 11 VSPs (nine females and two males, age: 29-65 years) across the United States representing diverse victim-serving professions. Interviews were face-to-face or by phone, lasting between 45 and 90 minutes. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using power-sensitive Foucauldian discourse analysis (or FDA, suitable for analyzing language and meanings linked to power dynamics). Our analysis was guided by a meaning-forming social constructionist approach. With some narrative convergence and disconvergence, three strings of narratives with supporting excerpts were identified, namely (a) stigma awareness shaped by discursive and material forces, (b) labeling as a (de)stigmatizing tool, and (c) connecting through authentic empathy (AE). The concept of AE is recommended as a possible model of care and stigma management approach in therapeutic spaces. We define AE as an aptitude to credibly provide nonjudgmental, stigma-free care, based on personal histories with trauma, membership in a stigmatized group, or an earned involvement with members of the same group. Findings bear implications for stigma-informed practices and future research to address the unique unmet needs of stigmatized male victims.
男性强奸和性暴力（SV）的受害者是一个高度污名化的群体，他们不仅遭受 SV 的创伤，还遭受霸权的真正男性气质观念的创伤，这种观念惩罚男性的软弱和脆弱。这种双重暴露产生了一种污名化的身份（即男性受害者耻辱），这种身份嵌入了关于男性 SV 的宏大叙事中。然而，帮助专业人员也被牵连到这个（去）污名化过程中。很少有研究描述受害者服务提供者（VSP）作为（去）污名化代理人所扮演的角色。这项研究是首批探索 VSP 关于他们的耻辱意识和耻辱管理实践的叙事的研究之一。以故事为重点的访谈方法从美国各地的 11 名 VSP（9 名女性和 2 名男性，年龄：29-65 岁）那里获得了回应，他们代表了各种服务受害者的职业。访谈是面对面或通过电话进行的，持续 45 到 90 分钟。访谈逐字转录，并使用权力敏感的福柯话语分析（或 FDA，适用于分析与权力动态相关的语言和意义）进行分析。我们的分析受到形成意义的社会建构主义方法的指导。在一些叙事的收敛和分歧的基础上，确定了三个带有支持性摘录的叙事字符串，即（a）由话语和物质力量塑造的耻辱意识，（b）作为（去）污名化工具的标签，以及（c）通过真实的同理心（AE）连接。建议将 AE 概念作为治疗空间中提供无评判、无耻辱感的护理和耻辱管理方法的可能模式。我们将 AE 定义为基于创伤的个人历史、属于污名化群体的成员身份或与同一群体成员的获得性参与，可信地提供无评判、无耻辱感的护理的能力。研究结果对基于耻辱感的实践和解决有辱人格的男性受害者的独特未满足需求的未来研究具有启示意义。
