Stanford University.
University of Michigan.
Child Dev. 2021 Mar;92(2):e201-e220. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13448. Epub 2020 Aug 26.
Across three pre-registered studies with children (ages 4-9) and adults (N = 303), we examined whether how a group is predicted evaluations of how group members should be (i.e., a descriptive-to-prescriptive tendency), under conditions in which the descriptive group norms entailed beliefs that were fact-based (Study 1), opinion-based (Study 2), and ideology-based (Study 3). Overall, participants tended to disapprove of individuals with beliefs that differed from their group, but the extent of this tendency varied across development and as a function of the belief under consideration (e.g., younger children did not show a descriptive-to-prescriptive tendency in the context of facts and ideologies, suggesting that they prioritized truth over group norms). Implications for normative reasoning and ideological polarization are discussed.
在三项针对儿童（4-9 岁）和成人（N=303）的预先注册研究中，我们考察了在描述性群体规范涉及基于事实的信念（研究 1）、基于意见的信念（研究 2）和基于意识形态的信念（研究 3）的情况下，群体如何预测对群体成员应该如何评价（即描述性到规范性的倾向）。总的来说，参与者往往不赞成与自己群体的信念不同的个体，但这种倾向的程度因发展阶段和所考虑的信念而异（例如，年幼的儿童在事实和意识形态的背景下没有表现出描述性到规范性的倾向，这表明他们优先考虑真相而不是群体规范）。讨论了对规范推理和意识形态极化的影响。
