AUDI AG, D-85045 Ingolstadt, Germany.
Department of Psychology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engelbergerstraße 41, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany.
Accid Anal Prev. 2020 Oct;146:105718. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105718. Epub 2020 Aug 22.
Advanced driver assistance systems can effectively support drivers but can also induce unwanted effects in behavior. The present study investigates this adverse behavioral adaptation in adaptive Forward Collision Warning (FCW) systems. Other than conventional FCW systems that provide warnings based on static Time-To-Collision (TTC) thresholds, adaptive FCW systems consider the driver's need for support by adjusting warning thresholds according to distraction. A neglected question is how drivers adapt their behavior when they use adaptive FCW systems under realistic conditions, i.e., when warnings occur infrequently but system functionality is anticipated. Forty-eight participants drove with two different FCW systems (adaptive vs. non-adaptive) while working on a secondary in-vehicle task in a driving simulator. During the main part of the experiment, no brake events occurred and hence FCW functioning was largely anticipated. Additionally, visual system feedback about the driver's distraction state was manipulated between groups. Participants had significantly shorter minimal time-headways and TTCs when driving with the adaptive relative to the non-adaptive system. Participants with system feedback about distraction state spent generally more time with engaging in the secondary task. These results indicate behavioral adaptation which, however, is restricted to the task that is specifically supported by the system, namely longitudinal control.
高级驾驶员辅助系统可以有效地为驾驶员提供支持，但也可能在行为上产生不良影响。本研究调查了自适应前方碰撞警告（FCW）系统中的这种不利的行为适应性。除了基于静态碰撞时间（TTC）阈值提供警告的传统 FCW 系统外，自适应 FCW 系统还通过根据驾驶员的分心程度调整警告阈值来考虑驾驶员的支持需求。一个被忽视的问题是，当驾驶员在现实条件下使用自适应 FCW 系统时，即当警告不频繁但预计系统功能时，他们如何调整自己的行为。48 名参与者在驾驶模拟器中进行了两项不同的 FCW 系统（自适应与非自适应）的驾驶，同时在车内进行次要任务。在实验的主要部分，没有发生制动事件，因此很大程度上可以预计 FCW 的功能。此外，还在组间操纵了关于驾驶员分心状态的视觉系统反馈。与非自适应系统相比，参与者在使用自适应系统时的最小车头时距和 TTC 明显缩短。有关分心状态的系统反馈的参与者通常会花费更多的时间来从事次要任务。这些结果表明存在行为适应性，但这种适应性仅限于系统特别支持的任务，即纵向控制。
