Robinson Christopher W, Chadwick Krysten R, Parker Jessica L, Sinnett Scott
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University at Newark, Newark, OH, United States.
Occupational Therapy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jul 28;11:1643. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01643. eCollection 2020.
The current study used cross-modal oddball tasks to examine cardiac and behavioral responses to changing auditory and visual information. When instructed to press the same button for auditory and visual oddballs, auditory dominance was found with cross-modal presentation slowing down visual response times more than auditory response times (Experiment 1). When instructed to make separate responses to auditory and visual oddballs, visual dominance was found with cross-modal presentation decreasing auditory discrimination, and participants also made more visual-based than auditory-based errors on cross-modal trials (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 increased task demands while requiring a single button press and found evidence of auditory dominance, suggesting that it is unlikely that increased task demands can account for the reversal in Experiment 2. Auditory processing speed was the best predictor of auditory dominance, with auditory dominance being stronger in participants who were slower at processing the sounds, whereas auditory and visual processing speed and baseline heart rate variability did not predict visual dominance. Examination of cardiac responses that were time-locked with stimulus onset showed cross-modal facilitation effects, with auditory and visual discrimination occurring earlier in the course of processing in the cross-modal condition than in the unimodal conditions. The current findings showing that response demand manipulations reversed modality dominance and that time-locked cardiac responses show cross-modal facilitation, not interference, suggest that auditory and visual dominance effects may both be occurring later in the course of processing, not from disrupted encoding.
当前的研究使用跨模态Oddball任务来检验对不断变化的听觉和视觉信息的心脏及行为反应。当被指示对听觉和视觉Oddball刺激按下相同按钮时，发现存在听觉优势，跨模态呈现使视觉反应时间比听觉反应时间减慢得更多（实验1）。当被指示对听觉和视觉Oddball刺激做出不同反应时，发现存在视觉优势，跨模态呈现降低了听觉辨别力，并且在跨模态试验中，参与者基于视觉的错误比基于听觉的错误更多（实验2）。实验3增加了任务要求，同时要求只按一个按钮，并发现了听觉优势的证据，这表明任务要求的增加不太可能解释实验2中的逆转。听觉处理速度是听觉优势的最佳预测指标，在处理声音较慢的参与者中，听觉优势更强，而听觉和视觉处理速度以及基线心率变异性并不能预测视觉优势。对与刺激开始时间锁定的心脏反应的检查显示出跨模态促进效应，在跨模态条件下，听觉和视觉辨别在处理过程中比单模态条件下更早发生。当前的研究结果表明，反应需求操作会逆转模态优势，并且时间锁定的心脏反应显示出跨模态促进而非干扰，这表明听觉和视觉优势效应可能都发生在处理过程的后期，而非来自编码中断。
