Schnall S B, King J D, Marrero G
University of Southern California School of Medicine, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles.
J Pediatr Orthop. 1988 May-Jun;8(3):316-21. doi: 10.1097/01241398-198805000-00012.
This article is a retrospective review of six symptomatic patients who, when treated surgically, all healed with excision of pseudarthrosis, bone grafting, and plating. We discuss congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle with emphasis on etiologies, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and method of treatment. Our patients' chief complaints were cosmesis, pain, or shoulder deformity.
