Ordog G J, Wasserberger J, Balasubramaniam S
Charles R. Drew/UCLA School of Medicine.
J Trauma. 1988 May;28(5):624-31. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198805000-00011.
Shotguns are popular world wide and more of these weapons exist than the rifled types. With an increasing incidence and prevalence of gunshot wounds it is important for traumatologists to be familiar with shotgun wound ballistics. Shotgun wounds differ from those of other missiles because the spectrum of wound severity is large owing to the fact that the pellets scatter as they travel. Close-range shotgun wounds can be as destructive as those from a high-velocity rifle, but longer weapon-victim ranges may produce only minimal injury. The type of shot (size and weight of pellets) used also determines the type of injury, with more serious injuries produced by the larger type of buckshot (greater than 0.14 inches in diameter). The severity of injury from birdshot depends mainly on the "effective" weapon-victim range which can be calculated from the shot size and shot pattern either clinically or from X-ray. Wounds may then be classified according to severity, yielding information on prognosis and extent of investigation and treatment required. We propose a four-level severity scale based upon birdshot pellet scatter patterns which correlate well with morbidity and mortality rates.
霰弹枪在全球都很常见，这类武器的数量比有膛线的枪支更多。随着枪伤的发病率和患病率不断上升，创伤学家熟悉霰弹枪伤口弹道学很重要。霰弹枪伤口与其他导弹造成的伤口不同，因为霰弹在飞行过程中会散射，导致伤口严重程度的范围很广。近距离霰弹枪伤口可能与高速步枪造成的伤口一样具有毁灭性，但武器与受害者距离较远时可能只会造成轻微伤害。所使用的霰弹类型（霰弹丸的大小和重量）也决定了伤害的类型，较大型的大号铅弹（直径大于0.14英寸）会造成更严重的伤害。鸟枪造成的伤害严重程度主要取决于“有效”武器与受害者距离，这可以根据霰弹大小和霰弹散布模式通过临床或X射线计算得出。然后可以根据严重程度对伤口进行分类，从而得出关于预后以及所需检查和治疗范围的信息。我们基于与发病率和死亡率密切相关的鸟枪霰弹丸散布模式提出了一个四级严重程度量表。
