Wollina Uwe, Goldman Alberto
Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Hospital São Lucas da PUCS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Dermatol Ther. 2020 Nov;33(6):e14231. doi: 10.1111/dth.14231. Epub 2020 Sep 7.
Beautiful lips are responsible for facial attractiveness and a youthful appearance. During aging process, lips become thinner and the red lips borders get poor defined. Downturn of the corners of the mouth suggests negative emotions. Lip surgery and underlying pathology may result in asymmetries and lip incontinence. Minor invasive procedures with hyaluronic acid fillers and botulinum toxin A are versatile tools to improve appearance of the lips, restore function and improve psycho-social well-being. In this review, we discuss anatomy, safety concerns, injections techniques as well as esthetic and medical indications.
美丽的嘴唇关乎面部吸引力和年轻外观。在衰老过程中，嘴唇会变薄，红唇边界变得不清晰。嘴角下垂暗示着负面情绪。唇部手术和潜在病理状况可能导致不对称和唇部失禁。使用透明质酸填充剂和A型肉毒杆菌毒素的微创程序是改善唇部外观、恢复功能和提升心理社会幸福感的通用工具。在本综述中，我们讨论了唇部的解剖结构、安全问题、注射技术以及美学和医学适应症。
