US Horticultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA; email:
Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2020 Aug 25;58:277-311. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035608.
The loss of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant and minimal advances in the development and registration of new chemical fumigants has resulted in a resurgence of interest in the application of organic amendments (OAs) for soilborne plant pathogen and plant-parasitic nematode management. Significant progress has been made in the characterization of OAs, application of strategies for their use, and elucidation of mechanisms by which they suppress soilborne pests. Nonetheless, their utility is limited by the variability of disease control, expense, and the logistics of introducing them into crop production systems. Recent advances in molecular techniques have led to significant progress in the elucidation of the role of bacteria and fungi and their metabolic products on disease suppression with the addition of OAs. Biosolarization and anaerobic soil disinfestation, developed to manipulate systems and favor beneficial microorganisms to maximize their impact on plant pathogens, are built on a strong historical research foundation in OAs and the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of disease-suppressive soils. This review focuses on recent applications of OAs and their potential for the management of soilborne plant pathogens and plant-parasitic nematodes, with emphasis primarily on annual fruit and vegetable production systems.
甲基溴作为土壤熏蒸剂的损失以及新化学熏蒸剂的开发和注册方面的进展甚微，这导致人们重新关注有机改良剂（OAs）在防治土壤传播的植物病原体和植物寄生线虫方面的应用。在 OAs 的特性描述、应用策略以及它们抑制土壤传播害虫的机制方面已经取得了重大进展。尽管如此，由于疾病控制的可变性、费用以及将它们引入作物生产系统的后勤工作，它们的实用性受到限制。分子技术的最新进展使得在添加 OAs 时阐明细菌和真菌及其代谢产物在疾病抑制中的作用方面取得了重大进展。生物太阳能化和厌氧土壤消毒是为了操纵系统并有利于有益微生物，以最大限度地提高它们对植物病原体的影响而开发的，它们建立在 OAs 以及具有抑制疾病的土壤的物理、化学和生物学特性的强大历史研究基础上。本综述主要关注 OAs 的最新应用及其在防治土壤传播的植物病原体和植物寄生线虫方面的潜力，重点主要放在年度水果和蔬菜生产系统上。
