Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2020 Dec;48(1):1089-1104. doi: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1809439.
Many traditional procedures, including surgical methods such as microfracture of subchondral bone and soft tissue transplantation, have been widely used to treat damaged cartilage. However, there is still no definitive cure for cartilage defects. In recent decades, tissue engineering has raised hopes for the repair of defective cartilage. Different approaches are used for cartilage engineering, in which cells, scaffolds, and biological signals or growth factors may be used alone or in combination. Additionally, the imitation of the mechanical properties of the natural cartilage tissue by bioreactors is also helpful in this regard. It should be noted that in the transplantation of engineered cartilage tissue, there are challenges such as poor integration, inflammation and phenotypic instability that may lead to failure of neo-cartilage transplantation. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the multiple therapeutic approaches, including surgical procedures, cell-based methods and tissue engineering, should be obtained. The present review article provides this information, along with a variety of factors, including cells, materials, and biological/biomechanical factors required for the engineering of cartilage tissue, as well as the challenges ahead and their solutions.
许多传统的方法，包括软骨下骨和软组织移植的微创手术等外科方法，已被广泛用于治疗受损的软骨。然而，对于软骨缺损仍然没有明确的治愈方法。近几十年来，组织工程技术为修复受损软骨带来了新的希望。软骨工程学有多种不同的方法，其中可以单独或联合使用细胞、支架和生物信号或生长因子。此外，通过生物反应器模拟天然软骨组织的机械性能在这方面也很有帮助。需要注意的是，在工程化软骨组织移植中，存在着一些挑战，如整合不良、炎症和表型不稳定等，这些可能导致新软骨移植的失败。因此，需要全面了解多种治疗方法，包括手术方法、基于细胞的方法和组织工程学。本文综述了这些信息，以及软骨组织工程所需的细胞、材料和生物/生物力学等多种因素，以及未来的挑战和解决方案。
