Obrycki John J
Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Environ Entomol. 2020 Oct 17;49(5):1164-1170. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvaa100.
Quantifying responses of three congeneric species of lady beetles, Hippodamia parenthesis (Say), Hippodamia convergens (Guerin), and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), to abiotic factors that influence their seasonal biology provides an understanding of the phenology of these species in North America. The developmental response and the induction and duration of adult hibernal diapause in four North American populations of H. parenthesis, collected between 40° N and 44° N latitude, was determined when beetles were reared at four photoperiods (L:D 16:8, 14:10, 12;12, and 10:14) at 22°C. Preimaginal development of the four H. parenthesis populations reared at the photoperiods was affected by population, photoperiod, and the interaction between population and photoperiod. Fifteen to 19% of H. parenthesis females reared at L:D 16:8 entered diapause, whereas shorter photoperiods (L:D 12:12 and 10:14) induced diapause in all females. Variation in response to L:D 14:10 was observed among the four populations of H. parenthesis, similar to the response observed in H. convergens and H. variegata. In contrast to the response of H. parenthesis females, in which four individuals oviposited at L:D 12:12 or 10:14 within 120 d, the duration of reproductive diapause in H. convergens and H. variegata females at L:D 12:12 and 10:14 showed a prolonged quantitative response to photoperiod. Comparisons of the responses (days to first oviposition) to photoperiod of H. parenthesis and H. variegata from the same collection sites showed significant differences at most photoperiods. Similarly, responses at all photoperiods varied between H. parenthesis and H. convergens from similar latitudes in Iowa.
量化三种近缘瓢虫，即括号方肩瓢虫（Hippodamia parenthesis (Say)）、多异瓢虫（Hippodamia convergens (Guerin)）和杂色瓢虫（Hippodamia variegata (Goeze)）（鞘翅目：瓢虫科）对影响其季节生物学的非生物因素的反应，有助于了解这些物种在北美的物候现象。在22°C下，当甲虫在四个光周期（光照:黑暗16:8、14:10、12:12和10:14）中饲养时，测定了在北纬40°至44°之间采集的四个北美括号方肩瓢虫种群的发育反应以及成虫冬季滞育的诱导和持续时间。在这些光周期下饲养的四个括号方肩瓢虫种群的幼虫发育受到种群、光周期以及种群与光周期之间相互作用的影响。在光照:黑暗16:8条件下饲养的括号方肩瓢虫雌性中有15%至19%进入滞育，而较短的光周期（光照:黑暗12:12和10:14）会诱导所有雌性进入滞育。在四个括号方肩瓢虫种群中观察到对光照:黑暗14:10的反应存在差异，这与在多异瓢虫和杂色瓢虫中观察到的反应相似。与括号方肩瓢虫雌性的反应不同，在光照:黑暗12:12或10:14条件下，有四只括号方肩瓢虫雌性在120天内产卵，而在光照:黑暗12:12和10:14条件下，多异瓢虫和杂色瓢虫雌性的生殖滞育持续时间对光周期表现出延长的定量反应。对来自相同采集地点的括号方肩瓢虫和杂色瓢虫对光周期的反应（首次产卵天数）进行比较，发现在大多数光周期下存在显著差异。同样，在爱荷华州相似纬度的括号方肩瓢虫和多异瓢虫在所有光周期下的反应也有所不同。
