Barillot C, Gibaud B, Lis O, Min L L, Bouliou A, Le Certen G, Collorec R, Coatrieux J L
Service de Neurochirurgie, Hopital de Pontchaillou, Rennes, France.
Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 1988;15(4):269-307.
Increased interest is presently given to three-dimensional (3-D) medical applications due to simultaneous emergence of high-resolution imaging systems and computer graphics techniques. This paper intends to present a survey of this field together with discussion and prospective views. The general framework is composed of six parts: data acquisition and preprocessing, polygonal object representation, voxel description, system architecture, medical applications, and prospects. Data base acquisition includes characterization of imaging modalities and medical specificity. Preprocessing schemes are directed to improvements (filtering), windowing, and spatial anisotropy (linear or spline interpolation). The two following sections are devoted to descriptions of the main object representations. Particular emphasis is given to optimal contour approximation, surface triangulation, mathematical surfaces on one hand, and cuberille and voxel representations on the other. Display capabilities--hidden surface removal, surface normal shading, structure enhancement--and data base structuration--hierarchical and nonhierarchical (graph and tree encoding)--are, respectively, described. An overview of 3-D systems is further given (Section V), and features of medical applications are reviewed and gathered in basic functionalities, surgery, and radiotherapy specifications (Section VI). The last section provides some prospective views on reconstruction from a few projections, model-guided labeling, multimodality image overlay, and local image network. Some of these issues are illustrated by examples of 3-D images.
由于高分辨率成像系统和计算机图形技术的同时出现，目前人们对三维（3-D）医学应用的兴趣日益浓厚。本文旨在对该领域进行综述，并进行讨论和展望。总体框架由六个部分组成：数据采集与预处理、多边形物体表示、体素描述、系统架构、医学应用和前景。数据库采集包括成像模态的特征描述和医学特异性。预处理方案旨在进行改进（滤波）、窗口化和空间各向异性（线性或样条插值）。接下来的两节专门描述主要的物体表示。一方面特别强调最佳轮廓逼近、表面三角剖分、数学曲面，另一方面强调立方块和体素表示。分别描述了显示功能——消除隐藏面、表面法线阴影、结构增强——以及数据库结构化——分层和非分层（图形和树编码）。进一步给出了三维系统的概述（第五节），并在基本功能、手术和放射治疗规范中回顾和总结了医学应用的特点（第六节）。最后一节对从少数投影进行重建、模型引导标记、多模态图像叠加和局部图像网络提供了一些前瞻性观点。其中一些问题通过三维图像示例进行了说明。
