Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan.
Biosphere Impact Studies, Environment, Health and Safety Institute, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
J Environ Radioact. 2020 Nov;223-224:106373. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106373. Epub 2020 Aug 29.
After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, immediate soil and vegetation sampling were conducted according to the action plan of nuclear emergency monitoring; however, analysing the monitoring dataset was difficult because the sampling protocols were not standardised. In this study, the sampling protocols applied just after the FDNPP accident were reviewed, and the monitoring data were analysed. The detailed protocols and results can provide a sound basis for guidelines of soil and vegetation sampling for nuclear emergency monitoring. The activity concentrations of Cs and I in weed samples measured immediately after the FDNPP accident were related to the air dose rate at 1 m. Consequently, vegetation sampling is recommended when the additional dose rate (above background) is higher than 0.1 μSv/h. To enhance the efficiency of a protective response in the case of a nuclear accident, predetermined sampling points for soil and vegetation sampling should be considered in the preparedness plan for nuclear emergencies. Furthermore, sampling and analytical measurement capacities (time, people, cost) during the early phase after nuclear emergencies need to be considered in the preparedness and action plan, and sampling and measurement exercises are highly recommended.
福岛第一核电站（FDNPP）事故发生后，根据核应急监测行动计划，立即进行了土壤和植被采样；然而，由于采样方案没有标准化，分析监测数据集非常困难。在本研究中，审查了 FDNPP 事故后立即采用的采样方案，并对监测数据进行了分析。详细的方案和结果为核应急监测土壤和植被采样指南提供了可靠的基础。FDNPP 事故后立即测量的杂草样本中 Cs 和 I 的活度浓度与 1 m 处的空气剂量率有关。因此，当附加剂量率（高于本底）高于 0.1 μSv/h 时，建议进行植被采样。为了在核事故发生时提高防护响应的效率，应在核应急准备计划中考虑土壤和植被采样的预定采样点。此外，还需要在准备和行动计划中考虑核紧急情况发生后早期阶段的采样和分析测量能力（时间、人员、成本），并强烈建议进行采样和测量演练。
