Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P O Box 94, Makhanda-Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021 Jun;17(6):1208-1215. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.013. Epub 2020 Aug 29.
Research describing the design, evaluation or use of pictograms for various health-related applications is receiving increasing attention in the literature. However, recent reviews of this body of literature have commented adversely on the overall quality of the research, highlighting problems with the pictogram design process, as well as calling for improvement in both the methodology and reporting of all aspects of designing, developing, modifying, evaluating and applying pictograms in practice. The heterogeneity in study design, as well as in the interventions and outcomes measured, prevents overall conclusions being drawn about the effectiveness of pictograms on comprehension and medicine-taking behaviour such as adherence and self-care. The reporting of such research should provide adequate detail to enable reproducibility and replicability of the research. This article offers guidance in designing and reporting pictogram-based research, highlighting areas that are often problematic or inadequately addressed.
描述各种与健康相关应用的象形图的设计、评估或使用的研究在文献中受到越来越多的关注。然而，最近对这部分文献的综述对研究的整体质量提出了负面评价，强调了象形图设计过程中存在的问题，并呼吁改进象形图在实践中的设计、开发、修改、评估和应用的各个方面的方法和报告。研究设计的异质性，以及所测量的干预措施和结果，使得无法就象形图对理解和用药行为（如依从性和自我护理）的有效性得出总体结论。此类研究的报告应提供足够的详细信息，以实现研究的可重复性和可复制性。本文提供了基于象形图的研究设计和报告的指南，突出了经常出现问题或处理不当的领域。
