de Guzman E, Shotts E B
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1988 Mar;18(2):365-74. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(88)50037-2.
Bacteria are ubiquitous in nature. Fish are constantly exposed to bacteria, and usually only succumb to an infection after having been exposed to prolonged periods of stress. Before making a diagnosis of a bacterial disease, it is necessary to eliminate the possibility of environmental or parasitic problems. Environmental factors may act as stressors and can predispose a fish to bacterial disease while affecting the fish simultaneously. Clinical signs caused by the various bacterial pathogens are very similar. Therefore, to make a definitive bacterial diagnosis, it is necessary to culture and identify the organisms involved.
细菌在自然界中无处不在。鱼类不断接触细菌，通常只有在长期处于应激状态后才会感染疾病。在诊断细菌性疾病之前，有必要排除环境或寄生虫问题的可能性。环境因素可能成为应激源，在影响鱼类的同时，使鱼类易患细菌性疾病。由各种细菌病原体引起的临床症状非常相似。因此，要做出明确的细菌诊断，有必要对相关生物体进行培养和鉴定。
