Karpilova M A, Poluianova A D
Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.
A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.
Vestn Oftalmol. 2020;136(4. Vyp. 2):317-323. doi: 10.17116/oftalma2020136042317.
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only proven modifiable risk factor for POAG. IOP-independent mechanisms contributing to the development of glaucomatous neurodegeneration include oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired ocular blood flow. In this regard, there has recently been growing interest in the use of various antioxidant dietary supplements as neuroprotective therapy for glaucoma. The issue of the effectiveness and safety of these biologically active additives is an urgent scientific problem reflected in numerous studies. This article reviews current concepts of oxidative/nitrosative stress, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen (Nr) and their participation in the development of POAG, as well as experimental models and clinical studies using essential fatty acids, natural compounds and a number of other antioxidant substances that can counteract oxidative stress in glaucoma.
青光眼是全球不可逆性失明的主要原因。眼内压（IOP）是目前唯一已证实的可改变的开角型青光眼（POAG）风险因素。导致青光眼性神经变性的眼压独立机制包括氧化应激、兴奋性毒性、线粒体功能障碍和眼血流受损。在这方面，最近人们越来越关注使用各种抗氧化膳食补充剂作为青光眼的神经保护疗法。这些生物活性添加剂的有效性和安全性问题是众多研究中反映出的一个紧迫的科学问题。本文综述了氧化/亚硝化应激的当前概念、活性氧（ROS）/活性氮（Nr）的作用及其在POAG发生发展中的参与情况，以及使用必需脂肪酸、天然化合物和其他一些可对抗青光眼氧化应激的抗氧化物质的实验模型和临床研究。
