Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia.
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Chumakov Federal Scientific Centre for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of the Russian Academy of Sciences" (FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS"), 108819 Moscow, Russia.
Viruses. 2020 Sep 1;12(9):970. doi: 10.3390/v12090970.
Significantly divergent polioviruses (VDPV) derived from the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) from Sabin strains, like wild polioviruses, are capable of prolonged transmission and neuropathology. This is mainly shown for VDPV type 2. Here we describe a molecular-epidemiological investigation of a case of VDPV type 3 circulation leading to paralytic poliomyelitis in a child in an orphanage, where OPV has not been used. Samples of feces and blood serum from the patient and 52 contacts from the same orphanage were collected twice and investigated. The complete genome sequencing was performed for five polioviruses isolated from the patient and three contact children. The level of divergence of the genomes of the isolates corresponded to approximately 9-10 months of evolution. The presence of 61 common substitutions in all isolates indicated a common intermediate progenitor. The possibility of VDPV3 transmission from the excretor to susceptible recipients (unvaccinated against polio or vaccinated with inactivated poliovirus vaccine, IPV) with subsequent circulation in a closed children's group was demonstrated. The study of the blood sera of orphanage residents at least twice vaccinated with IPV revealed the absence of neutralizing antibodies against at least two poliovirus serotypes in almost 20% of children. Therefore, a complete rejection of OPV vaccination can lead to a critical decrease in collective immunity level. The development of new poliovirus vaccines that create mucosal immunity for the adequate replacement of OPV from Sabin strains is necessary.
与野生脊灰病毒一样，源自沙宾氏口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）的具有显著差异的脊灰病毒（VDPV）能够进行长时间传播并引发神经病理学病变。这主要表现在 VDPV 2 型上。在此，我们描述了一起 VDPV 3 型循环导致孤儿院中一名儿童发生麻痹性脊髓灰质炎的分子流行病学调查，该孤儿院未使用 OPV。收集了该患者和同一孤儿院的 52 名接触者的粪便和血清样本各两次并进行了调查。对从患者和 3 名接触儿童中分离出的 5 株脊灰病毒进行了全基因组测序。分离株基因组的差异水平大约对应于 9-10 个月的进化。所有分离株中存在 61 个共同的替换，表明存在一个共同的中间祖先。从排泄者向易感受者（未接种脊灰疫苗或接种了脊灰灭活疫苗，IPV）传播 VDPV3，随后在封闭的儿童群体中传播的可能性已被证明。对至少接受过 2 次 IPV 接种的孤儿院居民的血清进行研究，发现近 20%的儿童对至少两种脊灰病毒血清型均缺乏中和抗体。因此，完全拒绝接种 OPV 可能会导致群体免疫力水平的急剧下降。需要开发新的脊灰病毒疫苗，为 OPV 从沙宾氏株的替代创造黏膜免疫。
