Labor Prof, G, Enders & Partner and Institute of Virology, Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology eV, Stuttgart, Germany.
BMC Infect Dis. 2010 Dec 9;10:347. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-347.
In October 2007, the working group CEN/TC 216 of the European Committee for standardisation suggested that the Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine type 1 strain (LSc-2ab) presently used for virucidal tests should be replaced by another attenuated vaccine poliovirus type 1 strain, CHAT. Both strains were historically used as oral vaccines, but the Sabin type 1 strain was acknowledged to be more attenuated. In Germany, vaccination against poliomyelitis was introduced in 1962 using the oral polio vaccine (OPV) containing Sabin strain LSc-2ab. The vaccination schedule was changed from OPV to an inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) containing wild polio virus type 1 strain Mahoney in 1998. In the present study, we assessed potential differences in neutralising antibody titres to Sabin and CHAT in persons with a history of either OPV, IPV, or OPV with IPV booster.
Neutralisation poliovirus antibodies against CHAT and Sabin 1 were measured in sera of 41 adults vaccinated with OPV. Additionally, sera from 28 children less than 10 years of age and immunised with IPV only were analysed. The neutralisation assay against poliovirus was performed according to WHO guidelines.
The neutralisation activity against CHAT in adults with OPV vaccination history was significantly lower than against Sabin poliovirus type 1 strains (Wilcoxon signed-rank test P < 0.025). In eight sera, the antibody titres measured against CHAT were less than 8, although the titre against Sabin 1 varied between 8 and 64. Following IPV booster, anti-CHAT antibodies increased rapidly in sera of CHAT-negative adults with OPV history. Sera from children with IPV history neutralised CHAT and Sabin 1 strains equally.
The lack of neutralising antibodies against the CHAT strain in persons vaccinated with OPV might be associated with an increased risk of reinfection with the CHAT polio virus type 1, and this implies a putative risk of transmission of the virus to polio-free communities. We strongly suggest that laboratory workers who were immunised with OPV receive a booster vaccination with IPV before handling CHAT in the laboratory.
2007 年 10 月，欧洲标准化委员会（CEN）/技术委员会 216 工作组建议，用另一种减毒疫苗脊髓灰质炎病毒 1 型（CHAT）株取代目前用于杀病毒试验的口服脊髓灰质炎病毒 1 型沙宾株（LSc-2ab）。这两种病毒株都曾作为口服疫苗使用，但沙宾 1 型病毒株的减毒程度更高。德国于 1962 年开始使用含有沙宾 LSc-2ab 株的口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）进行脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种。1998 年，接种计划从 OPV 改为含有野生脊髓灰质炎病毒 1 型马霍尼株的灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗（IPV）。在本研究中，我们评估了既往接受 OPV、IPV 或 OPV 与 IPV 加强剂接种的人群对沙宾和 CHAT 株的中和抗体滴度的潜在差异。
用 OPV 接种的 41 名成年人血清中测量了针对 CHAT 和 Sabin1 的中和脊髓灰质炎病毒抗体。此外，还分析了 28 名小于 10 岁、仅接受 IPV 免疫的儿童的血清。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的指南进行了针对脊髓灰质炎病毒的中和测定。
有 OPV 接种史的成年人对 CHAT 的中和活性明显低于对 Sabin 1 型脊髓灰质炎病毒株（Wilcoxon 符号秩检验 P < 0.025）。在 8 份血清中，针对 CHAT 的抗体滴度低于 8，但 Sabin 1 的滴度在 8 至 64 之间变化。在接受 IPV 加强剂后，既往有 OPV 接种史且 CHAT 阴性的成年人血清中的抗-CHAT 抗体迅速增加。有 IPV 接种史的儿童血清可等量中和 CHAT 和 Sabin 1 株。
接种 OPV 的人群缺乏针对 CHAT 株的中和抗体可能与 CHAT 脊髓灰质炎病毒 1 型再感染风险增加有关，这意味着病毒向无脊髓灰质炎地区传播的潜在风险。我们强烈建议在实验室处理 CHAT 之前，曾用 OPV 免疫的实验室工作人员接受 IPV 的加强免疫接种。
