Chlorine-35 Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as an Indirect Probe of the Oxidation Number of Tin in Tin Chlorides.

Ultrawideline Cl solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectra of a series of 12 tin chlorides were recorded. The magnitude of the Cl quadrupolar coupling constant () was shown to consistently indicate the chemical state (oxidation number) of the bound Sn center. The chemical state of the Sn center was independently verified by tin Mössbauer spectroscopy. (Cl) values of >30 MHz correspond to Sn(IV), while (Cl) readings of <30 MHz indicate that Sn(II) is present. Tin-119 SSNMR experiments would seem to be the most direct and effective route to interrogating tin in these systems, yet we show that ambiguous results can emerge from this method, which may lead to an incorrect interpretation of the Sn oxidation number. The accumulated Cl NMR data are used as a guide to assign the Sn oxidation number in the mixed-valent metal complex PhPPdSnCl. The synthesis and crystal structure of the related PhPPtSnCl are reported, and Pt and Cl SSNMR experiments were also used to investigate its Pt-Sn bonding. Plane-wave DFT calculations of Cl, Sn, and Pt NMR parameters are used to model and interpret experimental data, supported by computed Sn and Pt chemical shift tensor orientations. Given the ubiquity of directly bound Cl centers in organometallic and inorganic systems, there is tremendous potential for widespread usage of Cl SSNMR parameters to provide a reliable indication of the chemical state in metal chlorides.