Buchbinder Susan P, Liu Albert Y
University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA.
San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Top Antivir Med. 2020 Jun;28(2):439-454.
At the 2020 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, held virtually as a result of the emerging COVID-19 pandemic, trends in the HIV epidemic were highlighted, with decreasing HIV incidence reported across several countries, although key regions remain heavily impacted, including the US South. Adolescent girls and young women, men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender persons, and people who inject drugs continue to experience a high burden of new infections. Sexually transmitted infections during pregnancy can lead to a number of adverse outcomes in infants; novel strategies to detect and treat these infections are needed. Innovative HIV testing strategies, including self-testing and assisted partner services, are expanding the reach of testing; however, linkage to care can be improved. Novel preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery strategies are increasing uptake of PrEP in different groups, although adherence and persistence remain a challenge. Use of on-demand PrEP is increasing among MSM in the US. Strategies are needed to address barriers to PrEP uptake and persistence among cis- and transgender women. Several novel regimens for postexposure prophylaxis show promise.
在因新冠疫情以线上形式召开的2020年逆转录病毒与机会性感染会议上，强调了艾滋病毒流行趋势，尽管包括美国南部在内的一些关键地区仍受到严重影响，但有几个国家报告艾滋病毒发病率在下降。少女和年轻女性、男男性行为者、跨性别者以及注射毒品者仍然承受着高新发感染负担。孕期性传播感染可导致婴儿出现多种不良后果；需要检测和治疗这些感染的新策略。包括自我检测和辅助性伴侣服务在内的创新艾滋病毒检测策略正在扩大检测范围；然而，与治疗的衔接仍可改善。新型暴露前预防（PrEP）给药策略正在提高不同群体对PrEP的接受程度，尽管依从性和持续性仍然是一项挑战。美国男男性行为者中按需使用PrEP的情况正在增加。需要采取策略解决顺性别和跨性别女性接受PrEP及持续使用PrEP的障碍。几种新型暴露后预防方案显示出前景。
