Applied Microbiology Lab., Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, 791109, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
Toxicon. 2020 Nov;187:151-162. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.08.031. Epub 2020 Sep 1.
Ochratoxins (OTs) are a group of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. which are ubiquitous. They infect the crops during pre- and post-harvest conditions and contaminate various food and feed. Among all the OTs produced, ochratoxin A (OTA) poses serious health issues like neurotoxicity and carcinogenesis. The harmful impact of the toxins is observed in both humans and animals. The toxins get accumulated in the organs of animals through the contaminated animal-feed which further contaminate the products derived from them, such as milk and meat-based products. Therefore, sensitive and robust identification, detection, and quantification methods along with efficient management and control measures are crucial. Spectrometric and spectroscopy techniques are quite sensitive and lead to better detection of the toxin in the food products. Control and preventive measures during harvesting, storage and transportation are found to be effective in managing the production of such toxins. This review insight on the occurrence, chemistry, biosynthesis, effects on human health and agriculture, detections, management, and control strategies of ochratoxins.
赭曲霉毒素（OTs）是由曲霉属和青霉属产生的一组霉菌毒素，普遍存在。它们在收获前后的作物中感染，并污染各种食品和饲料。在所有产生的 OTs 中，赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）对神经毒性和致癌性等健康问题构成严重威胁。毒素对人类和动物都有有害影响。毒素通过受污染的动物饲料在动物体内积累，进一步污染从动物身上获得的产品，如牛奶和肉类产品。因此，需要敏感且强大的识别、检测和定量方法，以及有效的管理和控制措施。光谱和光谱技术非常敏感，可以更好地检测食品中的毒素。在收获、储存和运输过程中采取的控制和预防措施，被发现对管理此类毒素的生产非常有效。本综述介绍了赭曲霉毒素的发生、化学、生物合成、对人类健康和农业的影响、检测、管理和控制策略。
