Adjunct Faculty, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Oct 1;112(4):926-930. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa235.
The consumption of animal products exposes humans to saturated fat, cholesterol, lactose, estrogens, and pathogenic microorganisms, while displacing fiber, complex carbohydrates, antioxidants, and other components needed for health. In the process, consumption of animal products increases the risk for cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and other disorders. This dietary pattern also promotes the growth of unhealthful gut bacteria, fostering, among other things, the production of trimethylamine N-oxide, a proinflammatory compound associated with cardiovascular and neurological diseases. When omnivorous individuals change to a plant-based diet, diet quality as measured by the Alternate Healthy Eating Index improves, and the risk of these health problems diminishes. Planning for nutrient adequacy is important with any diet. However, a diet based on vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes, supplemented with vitamin B-12, is nutritionally superior to diets including animal products and is healthful for children and adults.
动物产品的摄入使人类接触到饱和脂肪、胆固醇、乳糖、雌激素和病原微生物，同时取代了纤维、复杂碳水化合物、抗氧化剂和其他健康所需的成分。在这个过程中，动物产品的消费增加了心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病、肥胖症和其他疾病的风险。这种饮食模式还促进了不健康肠道细菌的生长，除其他外，促进了三甲胺 N-氧化物的产生，三甲胺 N-氧化物是一种与心血管和神经系统疾病相关的促炎化合物。当杂食者改为植物性饮食时，衡量饮食质量的替代健康饮食指数会改善，这些健康问题的风险也会降低。任何饮食都需要考虑营养充足。然而，以蔬菜、水果、全谷物和豆类为基础，补充维生素 B-12 的饮食在营养上优于包括动物产品在内的饮食，对儿童和成人都是健康的。
