Sechenov University, Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, Moscow, Russia.
Sechenov University, Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, Moscow, Russia; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Erlangen, Germany.
Ann Anat. 2021 Jan;233:151589. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151589. Epub 2020 Sep 3.
The research aims were to find out further intraosseous mandible organization indications and to structure it systematically.
in our research 400 mandibles were used: for the intraosseous examinations in total 300 mandibles of persons aged 20-65 were used. For all corpses cephalic index was measured. Segmentation of the mandibles were made by Jigley saw between medial root of the first molar at one side and central and second incisor of the opposite one. After that segments were stained with Schiff's reagent with following preparation. Dry preparations (n = 100) were used in exploration of mental foramen macroanatomy.
mental foramen cavity depth was divided into three types: low, n = 33 (depth 269 ± 081 mm), medium, n = 36 (depth 358 ± 092 mm) and deep, n = 31 (depth 417 ± 036 mm); transverse size of the cavity is 3109 ± 041 mm and longitudinal size is 397 ± 055 mm. According to the mandible anterior intraosseous organization research it is possible to make a mental nerve intraosseous canal types systematization: semi-oval; straight; s-shaped type, formed by two opposite and transient bends. The S-shaped type (49%) is more common in persons with a dolichocephalic skull type, especially (57.55%) in mesocephalic type and semi-oval (66.36%) in brachycephalic type.
nerve in the eponymous mental foramen, (which we would like to call a cavity), is branched into two large branches: the extraosseous branch, which innervates the soft tissues (such as Rr. mentales, Rr. labiales and Rr. gingivales), and the intraosseous branch, which runs from the mental foramen to the symphysis, from the latter branch to the first premolar, to the canine and to the incisors.
本研究旨在进一步发现颌骨内的组织学结构，并对其进行系统的研究。
本研究共使用了 400 例下颌骨标本，其中 300 例用于颌骨内研究，这些标本均来自 20-65 岁人群。对所有尸体进行了头型指数测量。采用 Jigley 锯在一侧第一磨牙近中根和对侧中央切牙及第二切牙之间将下颌骨分段。分段后，采用 Schiff 试剂进行染色，具体步骤如下。使用干标本（n=100）探索颏孔的宏观解剖学。
将颏孔腔的深度分为三型：浅型（深度 269±081mm），中深型（深度 358±092mm）和深型（深度 417±036mm）；腔的横径为 3109±041mm，纵径为 397±055mm。根据下颌骨前骨内组织研究，可对下颌神经骨内管的类型进行系统分类：半椭圆形；直型；S 型，由两个相反的暂时弯曲组成。S 型（49%）在长头型人群中更为常见，尤其在中头型人群中更为常见（57.55%），在短头型人群中则为半椭圆形（66.36%）。
同名的颏孔内神经（我们称之为腔）分为两支大支：骨外支，支配软组织（如 Rr. mentales、Rr. labiales 和 Rr. gingivales）；骨内支，从颏孔走行至下颌联合，从后者分支到第一前磨牙、尖牙和切牙。
