Xu Chang, Liu Yi-Long, Gao Zhi-Wei, Jiang Hua-Min, Xu Chang-Jie, Li Xian
State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement,Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058, China.
Vascular Surgery/School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310009, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2020 Aug;45(15):3575-3583. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200426.605.
Myricetin and its glycosides are important flavonols commonly found in plants, and they are natural organic compounds with diverse pharmacological activities. Numerous studies have demonstrated that myricetin and its glycosides are strong antioxidants that have great potential in preventing, alleviating and assisting the treatment of chronic non-infectious diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, myricetin and its glycosides also have antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, liver protection and other pharmacological activities. Myricetin contains more hydroxyl groups in the parent ring structure than other flavonoids, so myricetin and its glycosides have stronger pharmacological activities than other flavonols or flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol. Therefore, myricetin and its glycosides have great development and application prospects. In this paper, the classification and distribution of myricetin and its glycosides, their pharmacological activity and mechanism, as well as comparison with other flavonoids were reviewed. In addition, limitations of the current research and application of myricetin and its glycosides were analyzed, and the further studies on pharmacological activities as well as their dose-activity relationship, structure-activity relationship, chemical modification, biosynthesis and application prospects of myricetin and its glycosides were discussed and proposed.
杨梅素及其糖苷是植物中常见的重要黄酮醇，它们是具有多种药理活性的天然有机化合物。大量研究表明，杨梅素及其糖苷是强大的抗氧化剂，在预防、缓解和辅助治疗癌症、糖尿病和心血管疾病等慢性非传染性疾病方面具有巨大潜力。此外，杨梅素及其糖苷还具有抗病毒、抗菌、抗炎、镇痛、保肝等药理活性。杨梅素在母环结构中比其他黄酮类化合物含有更多的羟基，因此杨梅素及其糖苷比其他黄酮醇或黄酮类化合物如槲皮素和山奈酚具有更强的药理活性。因此，杨梅素及其糖苷具有广阔的开发和应用前景。本文综述了杨梅素及其糖苷的分类与分布、药理活性及作用机制，以及与其他黄酮类化合物的比较。此外，分析了目前杨梅素及其糖苷研究与应用的局限性，并对杨梅素及其糖苷的药理活性及其剂量-活性关系、构效关系、化学修饰、生物合成及应用前景等方面的进一步研究进行了讨论和展望。
