Kondo Tadashi
Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Sep 4;12(9):2520. doi: 10.3390/cancers12092520.
Patient-derived cancer models, including cell lines, organoids, and xenografts, are indispensable tools in cancer research. These models, which recapitulate molecular features of original tumors, allow studies on the biological significance of cancer-associated genes, antitumor effects of novel agents, and molecular mechanisms underlying clinical behaviors of tumors. Moreover, the predictive utility of patient-derived cancer models is expected to facilitate drug development and precision medicine. Ewing's sarcoma is a highly aggressive mesenchymal tumor with a high metastasis rate. Previous studies demonstrated the utility of cell lines and xenografts in Ewing's sarcoma research and clinical studies. However, the number of Ewing's sarcoma models available from public biobanks is limited; this creates an obstacle for research on Ewing's sarcoma. Novel Ewing's sarcoma models are needed to establish their utility, further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms, and help develop effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, the current status of patient-derived cancer models is overviewed, and future prospects of model development are discussed from the perspective of Ewing's sarcoma research. It should be of interest to researchers and clinicians who work on patient-derived cancer models.
患者来源的癌症模型，包括细胞系、类器官和异种移植，是癌症研究中不可或缺的工具。这些模型概括了原始肿瘤的分子特征，可用于研究癌症相关基因的生物学意义、新型药物的抗肿瘤作用以及肿瘤临床行为的分子机制。此外，患者来源的癌症模型的预测效用有望促进药物开发和精准医学。尤因肉瘤是一种侵袭性很强的间充质肿瘤，转移率很高。先前的研究证明了细胞系和异种移植在尤因肉瘤研究和临床研究中的效用。然而，公共生物样本库中可用的尤因肉瘤模型数量有限；这为尤因肉瘤的研究造成了障碍。需要新型尤因肉瘤模型来确立其效用、加深我们对分子机制的理解并帮助制定有效的治疗策略。在这篇综述中，概述了患者来源的癌症模型的现状，并从尤因肉瘤研究的角度讨论了模型开发的未来前景。这应该会引起从事患者来源的癌症模型研究的研究人员和临床医生的兴趣。
