Reavis Kristin
University of Maryland School of Medicine - Department of Family and Community Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201.
FP Essent. 2020 Sep;496:11-15.
the first 6 months of life to achieve optimal growth, development, and health. The World Health Organization recommends continuation of breastfeeding, with the addition of complementary foods, for at least 2 years. Despite this guidance, while most newborns and infants in the United States receive some breast milk, most are not exclusively breastfed, and breastfeeding frequently is discontinued earlier than recommended. The reasons for noninitiation or early cessation of breastfeeding are multifactorial. Commonly cited reasons for early discontinuation of breastfeeding include lactation and latching issues, concerns about infant nutrition and weight, concerns about taking drugs while breastfeeding, milk pumping, unsupportive work policies, and lack of social support. Racial and ethnic disparities exist regarding the initiation and duration of breastfeeding.
生命的头6个月以实现最佳生长、发育和健康。世界卫生组织建议持续母乳喂养，并添加辅食，至少持续2年。尽管有此指导意见，但在美国，虽然大多数新生儿和婴儿都能获得一些母乳，但大多数并非纯母乳喂养，而且母乳喂养往往比建议的时间更早停止。非开始母乳喂养或过早停止母乳喂养的原因是多方面的。常见的过早停止母乳喂养的原因包括泌乳和衔乳问题、对婴儿营养和体重的担忧、对母乳喂养期间服药的担忧、挤奶、不支持的工作政策以及缺乏社会支持。在母乳喂养的开始和持续时间方面存在种族和族裔差异。
