Carvalho Katharinne Ingrid Moraes, Coutinho Diego de Sá, Joca Humberto Cavalcante, Miranda Artur Santos, Cruz Jader Dos Santos, Silva Emerson Teixeira, Souza Marcus Vinícius Nora, Faria Robson Xavier, Silva Patricia Machado Rodrigues E, Costa Jorge Carlos Santos, Martins Marco Aurélio
Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Laboratory of Excitable Membranes and Cardiovascular Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 30;11:1159. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01159. eCollection 2020.
Local anesthetics (LAs), such as lidocaine and mexiletine, inhibit bronchoconstriction in asthmatics, but adverse effects limit their use for this specific clinical application. In this study, we describe the anti-spasmodic properties of the mexiletine analog 2-(2-aminopropoxy)-3,5-dimethyl, 4-Br-benzene (JME-173), which was synthesized and screened for inducing reduced activity on Na channels. The effectiveness of JME-173 was assessed using rat tracheal rings, a GH3 cell line and mouse cardiomyocytes to access changes in smooth muscle contraction, and Na, and Caionic currents, respectively. Bronchospasm and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) were studied using whole-body barometric plethysmography in A/J mice. We observed that the potency of JME-173 was 653-fold lower than mexiletine in inhibiting Na currents, but 12-fold higher in inhibiting L-type Ca currents. JME-173 was also more potent than mexiletine in inhibiting tracheal contraction by carbachol, allergen, extracellular Ca, or sodium orthovanadate provocations. The effect of JME-173 on carbachol-induced tracheal contraction remained unaltered under conditions of de-epithelized rings, β-receptor blockade or adenylate cyclase inhibition. When orally administered, JME-173 and theophylline inhibited methacholine-induced bronchospasm at time points of 1 and 3 h post-treatment, while only JME-173 remained active for at least 6 h. In addition, JME-173 also inhibited AHR in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation. Thus, the mexiletine analog JME-173 shows highly attenuated activity on Na channels and optimized anti-spasmodic properties, in a mechanism that is at least in part mediated by regulation of Ca inflow toward the cytosol. Thus, JME-173 is a promising alternative for the treatment of clinical conditions marked by life-threatening bronchoconstriction.
局部麻醉药(如利多卡因和美西律)可抑制哮喘患者的支气管收缩,但不良反应限制了它们在这一特定临床应用中的使用。在本研究中,我们描述了美西律类似物2-(2-氨基丙氧基)-3,5-二甲基-4-溴苯(JME-173)的抗痉挛特性,该化合物经合成并筛选以使其对钠通道的活性降低。使用大鼠气管环、GH3细胞系和小鼠心肌细胞分别评估JME-173在平滑肌收缩、钠电流和钙电流方面的变化,以此来评估其有效性。使用全身气压容积描记法在A/J小鼠中研究支气管痉挛和气道高反应性(AHR)。我们观察到,JME-173在抑制钠电流方面的效力比美西律低653倍,但在抑制L型钙电流方面高12倍。JME-173在抑制由卡巴胆碱、过敏原、细胞外钙或原钒酸钠激发引起的气管收缩方面也比美西律更有效。在去上皮环、β受体阻断或腺苷酸环化酶抑制的条件下,JME-173对卡巴胆碱诱导的气管收缩的作用保持不变。口服给药时,JME-173和茶碱在治疗后1小时和3小时的时间点抑制了乙酰甲胆碱诱导的支气管痉挛,而只有JME-173在至少6小时内仍保持活性。此外,JME-173在脂多糖(LPS)诱导的肺部炎症小鼠模型中也抑制了AHR。因此,美西律类似物JME-173在钠通道上表现出高度减弱的活性和优化的抗痉挛特性,其机制至少部分是由对钙向细胞质内流入的调节介导的。因此,JME-173是治疗以危及生命的支气管收缩为特征的临床病症的一种有前景的替代药物。