Kiesswetter Eva
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2020 Sep;145(18):1299-1305. doi: 10.1055/a-0986-2850. Epub 2020 Sep 9.
Malnutrition is widespread in older people and if not treated leads to numerous negative clinical consequences, such as functional decline and in-hospital complications as well as increased health care costs. Prerequisites for a successful prevention and therapy of malnutrition are the early identification of persons at risk or those affected and a detailed assessment of their nutritional situation. Based on the current literature, this article provides an overview of important aspects considered in the screening and assessment of malnutrition in older people, such as the use of malnutrition screening tools, the application of diagnostic criteria, the quantification of energy and protein deficiencies, the identification of potential causes of malnutrition and the determination of individual preferences and resources.
营养不良在老年人中普遍存在，若不加以治疗会导致诸多负面临床后果，如功能衰退、住院并发症以及医疗费用增加。成功预防和治疗营养不良的前提是早期识别高危人群或已受影响者，并对其营养状况进行详细评估。基于当前文献，本文概述了老年人营养不良筛查和评估中所考虑的重要方面，如营养不良筛查工具的使用、诊断标准的应用、能量和蛋白质缺乏的量化、营养不良潜在原因的识别以及个人偏好和资源的确定。
