Black phosphorus terahertz sensing based on photonic spin Hall effect.

A novel terahertz (THz) sensing scheme is proposed based on the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE). By illumining a paraxial Gaussian THz beam onto a black phosphorus (BP)-based Tamm structure, the reflected beam will undergo in-plane spin splitting, i.e., the centroids of two opposite spin components separate spatially. Due to Tamm plasmon resonance, one of the spin components is very sensitive to the refractive index changes of the analyte layer sandwiched by monolayer BP and distributed Bragg reflector. The sensitivity of the spin-dependent shift can be up to 2804 mm/RIU with a refractive index resolution of ∼10 RIU. The sensitivity and dynamic sensing region can be flexibly tuned by the BP rotation angle, thickness of analyte layer, or operation frequency. Therefore, the proposed PSHE-based THz sensing provides a new avenue for the development of high-performance THz sensors; thus, we may find applications in chemical sensing and biosensing.