Kasper S, Wehr T A, Rosenthal N E
Nervenarzt. 1988 Apr;59(4):191-9.
Seasonal changes in behavior und physiology have been recognized in humans since ancient times. Their relevance to psychiatry was described in further detail at least as early as in the middle of the last century. However, it was only in the past six years that clinical studies were undertaken systematically to describe the profile of a syndrome that was called seasonal affective disorder (SAD) by Rosenthal et al. It emerged, that this condition is characterized by changes in affect with depressed mood, anxiety and irritability and decreased energy. In contrast to major affective disorder these patients exhibit increased appetite with carbohydrate craving, weight gain and an increased duration of sleep. Seasonality of mood and behavior appears to be a dimension affecting many different people including normal individuals and those with conditions other than SAD. In vulnerable individuals these changes may reach symptomatic levels whereas in normals they may be regarded as acceptable fluctuations.
自古以来，人们就认识到人类行为和生理的季节性变化。至少早在上个世纪中叶，人们就更详细地描述了它们与精神病学的相关性。然而，直到过去六年，才系统地开展临床研究，以描述一种被罗森塔尔等人称为季节性情感障碍（SAD）的综合征特征。结果发现，这种病症的特征是情绪变化，包括情绪低落、焦虑、易怒和精力下降。与重度情感障碍不同的是，这些患者食欲增加，渴望碳水化合物，体重增加，睡眠时间延长。情绪和行为的季节性似乎是一个影响许多不同人群的维度，包括正常人和患有SAD以外疾病的人。在易受影响的个体中，这些变化可能达到症状水平，而在正常人中，它们可能被视为可接受的波动。
