García-Martín Ángel Felipe, Santiago-Sáez Andrés, Labajo-González Elena, Albarrán-Juan María Elena, Olivares-Pardo Enrique, Perea-Pérez Bernardo
Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Patología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Complutense. Madrid. España.
Instituto de Salud Pública. Madrid Salud. Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Madrid. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2020 Sep 10;94:e202009098.
Suicide attempts have increased considerably in recent decades. They are multifactorial in nature with preventable biopsychosocial components. Suicide attempt constitutes a vital event that affects the family and socioeconomic systems with important repercussions on public health. It is important to identify and analyze the associated risk factors, so that health professionals can consider them in their clinical practice in order to prevent them. The objective of this study was to identify the risk and protection factors that were associated with suicide attempt in the hospital population of an area of the Community of Madrid.
An analytical study of paired case-controls of patients who attended the reference hospital in Area 6 of the Community of Madrid during 2016 was carried out. Percentages were calculated and chi-square tests were used to establish an association and calculation of odds ratio with its confidence intervals and for a statistical significance of p≤0.05.
An association was identified between the suicide attempts of the following variables: depression, couple conflict, psychiatric history and high anxiety, among others. Influence of insufficient economic income and low educational level was found. Of the 67 cases, 59.7% were female, with a predominance of the age groups 21-30 and 31-40 years with 28.36% in both. 82.2% had low income. 35.8% used drugs. 62.7% had some chronic disease. 59.7% presented high anxiety, 53.7% major depression and 67.1% high impulsivity.
There are psychopathological and personal behavioral factors related to suicide attempts, as well as a high percentage of people who attempt to commit suicide by factors of socio-economic and cultural deprivation.
近几十年来，自杀未遂事件显著增加。其本质具有多因素性，包含可预防的生物心理社会因素。自杀未遂是一个影响家庭和社会经济系统的关键事件，对公众健康有重要影响。识别和分析相关风险因素很重要，这样健康专业人员在临床实践中可以考虑这些因素以预防自杀未遂。本研究的目的是确定马德里自治区某地区医院人群中与自杀未遂相关的风险和保护因素。
对2016年在马德里自治区第6区参考医院就诊的患者进行配对病例对照分析研究。计算百分比并使用卡方检验来确定关联，计算优势比及其置信区间，并确定p≤0.05的统计学显著性。
确定了以下变量与自杀未遂之间的关联：抑郁、夫妻冲突、精神病史和高度焦虑等。发现了经济收入不足和教育水平低的影响。在67例病例中，59.7%为女性，21 - 30岁和31 - 40岁年龄组占主导，均为28.36%。82.2%收入低。35.8%使用药物。62.7%患有某种慢性病。59.7%表现出高度焦虑，53.7%患有重度抑郁症，67.1%具有高度冲动性。
存在与自杀未遂相关的心理病理和个人行为因素，以及因社会经济和文化剥夺因素而试图自杀的高比例人群。
