Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (C.S.C., W.M.K., A.M.P., H.P.N., S.W.P.); School of Anthropology, Department of Psychology, and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.M.); Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R.W.); Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (J.R.Y.); Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.F.F.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.M.D.); Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.J.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charleston, Massachusetts (M.A.K.)
Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (C.S.C., W.M.K., A.M.P., H.P.N., S.W.P.); School of Anthropology, Department of Psychology, and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.M.); Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R.W.); Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (J.R.Y.); Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.F.F.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.M.D.); Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.J.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charleston, Massachusetts (M.A.K.).
Pharmacol Rev. 2020 Oct;72(4):829-861. doi: 10.1124/pr.120.019398.
Oxytocin is a pleiotropic, peptide hormone with broad implications for general health, adaptation, development, reproduction, and social behavior. Endogenous oxytocin and stimulation of the oxytocin receptor support patterns of growth, resilience, and healing. Oxytocin can function as a stress-coping molecule, an anti-inflammatory, and an antioxidant, with protective effects especially in the face of adversity or trauma. Oxytocin influences the autonomic nervous system and the immune system. These properties of oxytocin may help explain the benefits of positive social experiences and have drawn attention to this molecule as a possible therapeutic in a host of disorders. However, as detailed here, the unique chemical properties of oxytocin, including active disulfide bonds, and its capacity to shift chemical forms and bind to other molecules make this molecule difficult to work with and to measure. The effects of oxytocin also are context-dependent, sexually dimorphic, and altered by experience. In part, this is because many of the actions of oxytocin rely on its capacity to interact with the more ancient peptide molecule, vasopressin, and the vasopressin receptors. In addition, oxytocin receptor(s) are epigenetically tuned by experience, especially in early life. Stimulation of G-protein-coupled receptors triggers subcellular cascades allowing these neuropeptides to have multiple functions. The adaptive properties of oxytocin make this ancient molecule of special importance to human evolution as well as modern medicine and health; these same characteristics also present challenges to the use of oxytocin-like molecules as drugs that are only now being recognized. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Oxytocin is an ancient molecule with a major role in mammalian behavior and health. Although oxytocin has the capacity to act as a "natural medicine" protecting against stress and illness, the unique characteristics of the oxytocin molecule and its receptors and its relationship to a related hormone, vasopressin, have created challenges for its use as a therapeutic drug.
催产素是一种多功能的肽类激素，对整体健康、适应、发育、生殖和社会行为都有广泛的影响。内源性催产素和催产素受体的刺激支持着生长、适应和愈合的模式。催产素可以作为一种应对压力的分子、抗炎和抗氧化剂，具有保护作用，特别是在面对逆境或创伤时。催产素影响自主神经系统和免疫系统。催产素的这些特性可能有助于解释积极的社会体验的益处，并引起了人们对这种分子作为多种疾病的潜在治疗方法的关注。然而，如本文所述，催产素的独特化学性质，包括活性二硫键，以及其改变化学形式和与其他分子结合的能力，使得这种分子难以处理和测量。催产素的作用也依赖于上下文，具有性别二态性，并受经验的影响。部分原因是，催产素的许多作用依赖于它与更古老的肽分子血管升压素和血管升压素受体相互作用的能力。此外，催产素受体受经验的表观遗传调控，尤其是在生命早期。G 蛋白偶联受体的刺激引发了细胞内级联反应，使这些神经肽具有多种功能。催产素的适应性特性使这种古老的分子对人类进化以及现代医学和健康具有特殊的重要性；这些相同的特征也对作为药物使用催产素样分子提出了挑战，这些挑战现在才刚刚被认识到。意义声明：催产素是一种古老的分子，在哺乳动物的行为和健康中起着重要作用。尽管催产素有能力作为一种“天然药物”，可以预防压力和疾病，但催产素分子及其受体的独特特征及其与相关激素血管升压素的关系，给它作为治疗药物的应用带来了挑战。
Zotero 插件
