Masseyeff R
U.210 INSERM, CHU de Nice, Faculté de Médecine.
Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 1988;46(1):70-6.
Immunological methods have always represented a major contribution to the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Recent technical advances in immunochemistry make this contribution even more essential than in the past. The author reviews the classic principles of immunological diagnosis in infectious pathology. In the best cases, this diagnosis is based on parasite identification (in the broad sense), or identification of specific products from the parasite. It is also possible to consider shortening culture time, when necessary, by performing an early immunological identification. The most recent developments in this field are presented. When the identification of the parasite or its secretion products is not feasible, one must be content to demonstrate the occurrence of a specific immune response, essentially of humoral nature. The author reminds of the basic theoretical difficulties preventing a real analytic antibody titration. The importance of the expression of the results as well as the predictive value of the tests, is stressed. Finally, the author analyzes some of the recent advances such as the development of immuno-enzymatic techniques, rapid testing which can be performed by non-biologists, the contribution of monoclonal antibodies and the possibility of using them in a new detection diagram of antibodies. The author reminds of the difficulty in the standardization of immunological methods, especially the determination of antibodies.
免疫学方法一直是传染病诊断的重要贡献。免疫化学的最新技术进展使这一贡献比以往更为重要。作者回顾了传染病病理学中免疫诊断的经典原理。在最佳情况下，这种诊断基于寄生虫鉴定（广义上）或寄生虫特定产物的鉴定。必要时，通过早期免疫鉴定来缩短培养时间也是可行的。本文介绍了该领域的最新进展。当寄生虫或其分泌产物的鉴定不可行时，人们只能满足于证明特异性免疫反应的发生，主要是体液免疫性质的。作者提醒了妨碍真正分析性抗体滴定的基本理论难题。强调了结果表达的重要性以及检测的预测价值。最后，作者分析了一些最新进展，如免疫酶技术的发展、非生物学家可进行的快速检测、单克隆抗体的贡献以及将它们用于新的抗体检测图表的可能性。作者提醒了免疫方法标准化的困难，尤其是抗体的测定。
