Victorian Infant Brain Studies (VIBeS), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Pediatr Res. 2021 May;89(6):1452-1460. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-01134-6. Epub 2020 Sep 13.
Very preterm (VP) children are at risk of memory and emotional impairments; however, the neural correlates remain incompletely defined. This study investigated the effect of VP birth on white matter tracts traditionally related to episodic memory and emotion.
The cingulum, fornix, uncinate fasciculus, medial forebrain bundle and anterior thalamic radiation were reconstructed using tractography in 144 VP children and 33 full-term controls at age 7 years.
Compared with controls, VP children had higher axial, radial, and mean diffusivities and neurite orientation dispersion, and lower volume and neurite density in the fornix, along with higher neurite orientation dispersion in the medial forebrain bundle. Support vector classification models based on tract measures significantly classified VP children and controls. Higher fractional anisotropy and lower diffusivities in the cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, medial forebrain bundle and anterior thalamic radiation were associated with better episodic memory, independent of key perinatal risk factors. Support vector regression models using tract measures did not predict episodic memory and emotional outcomes.
Altered tract structure is related to adverse episodic memory outcomes in VP children, but further research is required to determine the ability of tract structure to predict outcomes of individual children.
We studied white matter fibre tracts thought to be involved in episodic memory and emotion in VP and full-term children using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and machine learning. VP children have altered fornix and medial forebrain bundle structure compared with full-term children. Altered tract structure can be detected using machine learning, which accurately classified VP and full-term children using tract data. Altered cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, medial forebrain bundle and anterior thalamic radiation structure was associated with poorer episodic memory skills using linear regression. The ability of tract structure to predict episodic memory and emotional outcomes of individual children based on support vector regression was limited.
极早产儿（VP）存在记忆和情绪损伤的风险，但其神经相关性尚不完全明确。本研究旨在探讨 VP 出生对与情景记忆和情绪相关的白质束的影响。
采用弥散张量成像技术对 144 名 VP 儿童和 33 名足月对照儿童的穹窿、穹窿连合、钩束、内侧前脑束和内囊前肢进行了重建。
与对照组相比，VP 组儿童的穹窿纤维束的各向异性分数较低，轴向、径向和平均弥散度较高，神经丝取向离散度较高，体积和神经丝密度较低，内侧前脑束的神经丝取向离散度较高。基于束测值的支持向量分类模型能显著区分 VP 儿童和对照组。穹窿、钩束、内侧前脑束和内囊前肢的各向异性分数较高，弥散度较低与情景记忆较好相关，且不受关键围产期风险因素的影响。使用束测值的支持向量回归模型无法预测情景记忆和情绪结局。
VP 儿童的白质纤维束结构改变与情景记忆不良结局有关，但尚需进一步研究来确定束结构对个体儿童结局的预测能力。
我们通过弥散磁共振成像和机器学习技术研究了认为与 VP 和足月儿童的情景记忆和情绪有关的白质纤维束。与足月儿童相比，VP 儿童的穹窿和内侧前脑束结构发生了改变。机器学习可以检测到束结构的改变，并且可以使用束数据准确地对 VP 和足月儿童进行分类。线性回归显示，穹窿、钩束、内侧前脑束和内囊前肢结构的改变与情景记忆技能较差有关。基于支持向量回归的束结构预测个体儿童情景记忆和情绪结局的能力有限。
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