印度中世纪钟金属工业城镇 Khagra 城市游乐场土壤中潜在有毒元素（PTEs）的口腔生物可给性及其相关健康风险。
Oral bioaccessibility of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and related health risk in urban playground soil from a medieval bell metal industrial town Khagra, India.
机构信息
Department of Environmental Studies, Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India.
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur (NITD), Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India.
出版信息
Environ Geochem Health. 2023 Aug;45(8):5619-5637. doi: 10.1007/s10653-020-00715-y. Epub 2020 Sep 13.
In vitro oral bioaccessibility assay (simple bioaccessibility extraction test) was used to assess bioaccessible PTEs (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, and Zn) in 16 playground soils of Khagra, which is a medieval bell metal industrial town at Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India. The aim was also to establish levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil, their origin, and human health risk, particularly on children. The average pseudo-total PTEs content in playground soil samples was in the decreasing order of Fe (18,988 mg kg) > Zn (1229 mg kg) > Cu (999 mg kg) > Mn (343 mg kg) > Pb (181 mg kg) > Sn (132 mg kg) > Co (8.63 mg kg) > As (5.21 mg kg) > Cd (0.88 mg kg). The pollution indices indicate significant enrichment of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Sn in the playground. The bioaccessible percentage of PTEs in the 16 playground soils ranged from 0 to 80.25%, where the range of percentage of bioaccessibility was 13.24-62.50, 0-61.46, 16.82-28.79, 5.05-73.06, 0.96-6.14, 2.28-38, and 0-80 for As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn, respectively. The order of percentage of bioaccessibility was As > Mn > Zn > Sn > Cu > Co > Pb > Cd > Ni > Fe. PCA extracted two major factors indicating the anthropogenic (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Sn) and geogenic (Co, Fe, and Mn) source. Stepwise multiple regression analysis exhibited that the oral bioaccessibility of PTEs did not correlate with physicochemical parameters like pH, EC. In contrast, Sn had a significant correlation with that of organic matter. The health risk for pseudo-total as well as bioavailable fraction in playground soil depicted that children were more vulnerable to ingestion of soil contaminated with PTEs, particularly for Cu and Pb. A risk management plan with the bioaccessible data involving detailed site-specific exposure factors to indicate the importance of the study in terms of child health safety is required.
采用体外口腔生物可给性测定（简单生物可给性提取试验）评估了印度西孟加拉邦穆尔希达巴德区的 Khagra 地区 16 个游乐场土壤中的生物可给性 PTEs（As、Cd、Co、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sn 和 Zn）。其目的还在于确定土壤中潜在有毒元素 (PTE) 的水平、来源及其对人类健康的风险，特别是对儿童的风险。游乐场土壤样品中伪总量 PTEs 的含量依次为 Fe（18988 mg kg）＞Zn（1229 mg kg）＞Cu（999 mg kg）＞Mn（343 mg kg）＞Pb（181 mg kg）＞Sn（132 mg kg）＞Co（8.63 mg kg）＞As（5.21 mg kg）＞Cd（0.88 mg kg）。污染指数表明 Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn 和 Sn 在游乐场土壤中存在显著富集。16 个游乐场土壤中 PTEs 的生物可给性百分比范围为 0 到 80.25%，其中生物可给性百分比范围为 13.24-62.50、0-61.46、16.82-28.79、5.05-73.06、0.96-6.14、2.28-38 和 0-80，分别为 As、Cd、Co、Cu、Fe、Ni 和 Zn。生物可给性百分比的顺序为 As＞Mn＞Zn＞Sn＞Cu＞Co＞Pb＞Cd＞Ni＞Fe。主成分分析提取了两个主要因素，表明人为因素（Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn 和 Sn）和地球化学因素（Co、Fe 和 Mn）是 PTEs 的来源。逐步多元回归分析表明，PTEs 的口服生物可给性与 pH 值、EC 等理化参数无关。相反，Sn 与有机质的生物可给性有显著相关性。游乐场土壤中总 PTE 和可利用分数的健康风险表明，儿童更容易摄入受 PTE 污染的土壤，尤其是 Cu 和 Pb。需要制定一个包含详细特定地点暴露因素的生物可给性数据的风险管理计划，以表明该研究在儿童健康安全方面的重要性。
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