Lugo Alessandro, Gorini Giuseppe, Pacifici Roberta, Gallus Silvano
Dipartimento di ambiente e salute, Istituto di ricerche farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Milano.
Istituto per lo studio, la prevenzione e la rete oncologica, Firenze.
Epidemiol Prev. 2020 Jul-Aug;44(4):280-287. doi: 10.19191/EP20.4.P280.058.
to estimate the prevalence of smoking while driving a car or a motorcycle, and its determinants, and to analyze the trends of these habits before and after the transposition of the European Directive 40/2014 (Legislative Decree 6/2016) adopted in 2016, which bans smoking in cars in the presence of minors.
eight different population-based surveys conducted in Italy by Doxa between 2007 and 2018.
21,807 subjects aged >=18 years, representative of the Italian adult population.
prevalence of smokers who smoke while driving a car, with and without minors, or a motorcycle. Prevalence of non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) in cars, with or without minors. Estimate of multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using multiple logistic regression models adjusted by gender, age, education, geographic area, and year of survey.
the prevalence of smokers who smoked in cars decreased from 69.6% in 2007-2008 to 57.5% in 2016, and to 51.5% in 2017-2018. Those who smoked in cars in presence of minors were 20.9% in 2011-2012 and 11.7% in 2017-2018. The prevalence of smokers who smoked while driving a motorcycle decreased from 15.0% in 2007-2008 to 6.5% in 2017-2018. Smoking while driving a car in presence of minors decreased with increasing age (p=0.004) and education level (p=0.029) and was more frequent in Southern than in Northern Italy (OR 4.40; 95%CI 2.21-8.74). In 2017-2018, 16.2% of non-smokers reported being exposed to SHS in cars. Of these, 42.3% were exposed also in presence of minors.
the tobacco control legislations adopted over the last 15 years, in particular the last one adopted in 2016, have largely contributed in reducing smoking in private vehicles, even in the presence of minors. This notwithstanding, 50% of Italian smokers smoke while driving and more than 15% of non-smokers are exposed to SHS in cars. It is suggested to adopt informative campaigns that inform people about the risks associated with smoking in cars, both for drivers and for passengers, and to increase the fines for those who smoke in cars in the presence of minors or driving a motorcycle.
评估在驾驶汽车或摩托车时吸烟的流行情况及其决定因素，并分析2016年欧洲指令40/2014（2016年第6号立法令）转化后（该指令禁止在有未成年人在场的汽车内吸烟）这些习惯在前后的变化趋势。
2007年至2018年期间，多萨（Doxa）在意大利进行的八项不同的基于人群的调查。
21807名年龄≥18岁的受试者，代表意大利成年人口。
在有或没有未成年人在场的情况下，驾驶汽车时吸烟的吸烟者的流行率；在有或没有未成年人在场的情况下，汽车内接触二手烟（SHS）的非吸烟者的流行率。使用经性别、年龄、教育程度、地理区域和调查年份调整的多重逻辑回归模型，估计多变量优势比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）。
在汽车内吸烟的吸烟者的流行率从2007 - 2008年的69.6%降至2016年的57.5%，并在2017 - 2018年降至51.5%。2011 - 2012年，在有未成年人在场的情况下在汽车内吸烟的比例为20.9%，2017 - 2018年为11.7%。驾驶摩托车时吸烟的吸烟者的流行率从2007 - 2008年的15.0%降至2017 - 2018年的6.5%。在有未成年人在场的情况下驾驶汽车时吸烟的情况随年龄增长（p = 0.004）和教育程度提高（p = 0.029）而减少，并且在意大利南部比北部更常见（OR 4.40；95%CI 2.21 - 8.74）。2017 - 2018年，16.2%的非吸烟者报告在汽车内接触过二手烟。其中，42.3%是在有未成年人在场的情况下接触的。
过去15年通过的烟草控制立法，特别是2016年通过的最后一项立法，在很大程度上有助于减少私人车辆内的吸烟行为，即使是在有未成年人在场的情况下。尽管如此，50%的意大利吸烟者在开车时吸烟，超过15%的非吸烟者在汽车内接触二手烟。建议开展宣传活动，告知人们在汽车内吸烟对司机和乘客的相关风险，并提高对在有未成年人在场的情况下在汽车内吸烟或驾驶摩托车吸烟者的罚款。
