Marchetti Luca, Engelhardt Britta
Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Vasc Biol. 2020 Mar 20;2(1):H1-H18. doi: 10.1530/VB-19-0033. eCollection 2020.
To maintain the homeostatic environment required for proper function of CNS neurons the endothelial cells of CNS microvessels tightly regulate the movement of ions and molecules between the blood and the CNS. The unique properties of these blood vascular endothelial cells are termed blood-brain barrier (BBB) and extend to regulating immune cell trafficking into the immune privileged CNS during health and disease. In general, extravasation of circulating immune cells is a multi-step process regulated by the sequential interaction of adhesion and signalling molecules between the endothelial cells and the immune cells. Accounting for the unique barrier properties of CNS microvessels, immune cell migration across the BBB is distinct and characterized by several adaptations. Here we describe the mechanisms that regulate immune cell trafficking across the BBB during immune surveillance and neuroinflammation, with a focus on the current state-of-the-art and imaging observations.
为维持中枢神经系统（CNS）神经元正常功能所需的稳态环境，中枢神经系统微血管的内皮细胞严格调控离子和分子在血液与中枢神经系统之间的移动。这些血管内皮细胞的独特特性被称为血脑屏障（BBB），在健康和疾病状态下，它还能调节免疫细胞向免疫特权中枢神经系统的迁移。一般来说，循环免疫细胞的外渗是一个多步骤过程，由内皮细胞和免疫细胞之间粘附分子和信号分子的顺序相互作用所调节。考虑到中枢神经系统微血管的独特屏障特性，免疫细胞穿越血脑屏障的迁移是独特的，具有多种适应性特征。在这里，我们描述了在免疫监视和神经炎症过程中调节免疫细胞穿越血脑屏障迁移的机制，重点关注当前的最新技术和成像观察结果。
