Advance Dietetic Practitioner, Nutrition and Dietetic Services, Rotherham Foundation Trust.
Br J Community Nurs. 2020 Aug 1;25(Sup8):S12-s15. doi: 10.12968/bjcn.2020.25.Sup8.S12.
Malnutrition causes poorer health outcomes in patients, and the risks of mortality and morbidity are increased when there is a poor nutritional status. Prescribed nutritional supplements are one way that a patient's oral intake can be increased, although a 'food first' approach can often result in weight gain without the use of prescribed supplement, and dietary assessment and advice can help patients to modify their diet and regain weight. It is important for patients to be reviewed and have the expectation that, if supplements are to be progressed to, they will complement all the dietary changes that have already been attempted. Health and Care Professions Council-registered dietitians are trained to calculate nutritional requirements, determine the energy and protein the patient is managing and form a plan to meet any deficits. Community nursing staff play a vital role by encouraging nutritional support advice at the early stage and referring to dietetics for further support.
营养不良会导致患者的健康状况恶化，当营养状况不佳时，患者的死亡率和发病率会增加。规定的营养补充剂是增加患者口服摄入的一种方法，尽管“先吃食物”的方法通常可以在不使用规定补充剂的情况下导致体重增加，而饮食评估和建议可以帮助患者改变饮食并恢复体重。重要的是要对患者进行审查，并期望如果要继续使用补充剂，它们将补充已经尝试过的所有饮食改变。注册营养师接受过计算营养需求、确定患者管理的能量和蛋白质以及制定计划以弥补任何不足的培训。社区护理人员通过在早期鼓励营养支持建议并转介营养师以获得进一步支持，发挥着至关重要的作用。
