Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA; email:
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
Annu Rev Vis Sci. 2020 Sep 15;6:335-362. doi: 10.1146/annurev-vision-121219-081816.
Psychophysical and neurophysiological studies of responses to visual motion have converged on a consistent set of general principles that characterize visual processing of motion information. Both types of approaches have shown that the direction and speed of target motion are among the most important encoded stimulus properties, revealing many parallels between psychophysical and physiological responses to motion. Motivated by these parallels, this review focuses largely on more direct links between the key feature of the neuronal response to motion, direction selectivity, and its utilization in memory-guided perceptual decisions. These links were established during neuronal recordings in monkeys performing direction discriminations, but also by examining perceptual effects of widespread elimination of cortical direction selectivity produced by motion deprivation during development. Other approaches, such as microstimulation and lesions, have documented the importance of direction-selective activity in the areas that are active during memory-guided direction comparisons, area MT and the prefrontal cortex, revealing their likely interactions during behavioral tasks.
视动觉反应的心理物理学和神经生理学研究已经汇聚出了一套一致的通用原理，这些原理描述了视觉运动信息的处理方式。这两种方法都表明，目标运动的方向和速度是最重要的编码刺激特性之一，揭示了心理物理学和生理学对运动反应之间的许多相似之处。受这些相似之处的启发，本综述主要关注运动神经元反应的关键特征——方向选择性，及其在记忆引导的知觉决策中的应用之间的直接联系。这些联系是在猴子进行方向辨别时的神经元记录中建立的，也通过检查在发育过程中因运动剥夺而广泛消除皮质方向选择性对知觉的影响来建立。其他方法，如微刺激和损伤，记录了在记忆引导的方向比较过程中活跃的区域（MT 区和前额叶皮层）中方向选择性活动的重要性，揭示了它们在行为任务中的相互作用。
