Consultants unit, Research and Consulting Institute, King Faisal University, P.O Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, Khartoum, Sudan.
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advance Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 1413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2020 Dec;62:126645. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126645. Epub 2020 Sep 6.
Our survey has found eleven plants that have being consumed for traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus, particularly in Saudi Arabia and generally in many countries across the world. The literature reported about trace elements such as Cr and Mn positively affecting diabetes mellitus. The aim of this work is to determine the total, accessible element species, and protein-fraction contents of Cr and Mn in the edible parts of those plants.
The total contents of Mn were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), while the total contents of Cr was determined by ICP-sector field (sf)-mass spectrometry (MS) due to lower concentration. The protein-fraction contents were determined in accessible element species by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-ICP-MS.
The separation was successfully carried out to quantify Cr and Mn bound up to 11 protein fractions. The examined plants recorded wide ranges of total contents (Cr 44.7-1880.0 μg/kg and Mn 3.7-59.0 mg/kg) and accessible element species contents (Cr 0.93-29.40 μg/kg and Mn 0.82-35.85 mg/kg). Also wide ranges of percentages of accessible element species contents to total contents of Cr (0.65-4.21%) and Mn (5.43-68.42%) were obtained. The hazardous indices of both trace elements Cr and Mn for all examined plants consumed by both children and adults were all < 1, indicating no probability of health risk to occur. Moreover, Cr as carcinogen element reported no probability of cancer risk to occur from the consumption of all examined plants. Irrespective of plant species, Cr was quantified in all SEC fractions (mainly protein fractions), with the exception of 1.9-3.7 kDa, while Mn was quantified in all SEC fractions with the exception of 100-120 and 1.3-3.7 kDa. Nevertheless, the majority of accessible Cr species contents bound to the 10-14 and 0.05-0.40 kDa fractions, while that of Mn bound to 0.05-0.40 kDa fraction. To gather, the benefits of specific plant species in terms of accessible Cr and Mn species contents, in addition to accessible Zn species contents reported in our previous study, Haloxylon Salicornicum, Olea Europaea Momordica and Charantia are recommended to be consumed for traditionally controlling T2DM.
我们的调查发现了 11 种用于治疗糖尿病的植物，特别是在沙特阿拉伯，而且在世界上许多国家也普遍使用。文献报道微量元素如铬和锰对糖尿病有积极影响。这项工作的目的是确定这些植物可食用部分中铬和锰的总含量、可利用元素种类和蛋白质分数含量。
用电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定锰的总含量，用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定铬的总含量，因为铬的浓度较低。用尺寸排阻色谱（SEC）-ICP-MS 法测定可利用元素种类中的蛋白质分数含量。
成功地进行了分离，以定量测定结合到 11 种蛋白质级分中的铬和锰。所检查的植物记录了总含量（铬 44.7-1880.0μg/kg 和锰 3.7-59.0mg/kg）和可利用元素种类含量（铬 0.93-29.40μg/kg 和锰 0.82-35.85mg/kg）的广泛范围。铬的可利用元素种类含量占总含量的百分比（0.65-4.21%）和锰的百分比（5.43-68.42%）也很广泛。所有被儿童和成人食用的被检查植物的铬和锰这两种微量元素的危害指数都<1，这表明不会发生健康风险。此外，据报道，致癌元素铬不会因食用所有被检查的植物而导致癌症风险。不论植物种类如何，铬都被定量在所有 SEC 级分（主要是蛋白质级分）中，除了 1.9-3.7kDa 之外，而锰则被定量在所有 SEC 级分中，除了 100-120 和 1.3-3.7kDa 之外。然而，大多数可利用的铬种类含量与 10-14 和 0.05-0.40kDa 级分结合，而锰与 0.05-0.40kDa 级分结合。总的来说，就可利用的铬和锰种类含量以及我们之前研究中报道的可利用的锌种类含量而言，建议食用 Haloxylon Salicornicum、Olea Europaea Momordica 和 Charantia 等特定植物种类，以传统方式控制 T2DM。
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