Ahmad Rizwan, Shaaban Heba, Issa Sahar Y, Alsaad Anwar, Alghamdi Majd, Hamid Njoud, Osama Rand, Algarni Sara, Mostafa Ahmed, Alqarni Abdulmalik M, Aldholmi Mohammed, Riaz Muhammad
Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill. 2022 Jun;15(2):129-141. doi: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2053591. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
Medicinal plants are widely used in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to treat various ailments in the form of folk medicine. Forty four such medicinal plant samples were collected from local markets and evaluated for the presence of 14 elements (Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Al, Pb, Ba, Zn, Ag, Hg, Bi, Cd). Microwave-assisted digestion with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to determine the elemental composition in these medicinal plants. Widespread occurrence of these elements was observed in all plant samples, except for Bi and Co where the lowest mean values of 0.03 ± 0.04 and 0.03 ± 0.15 were observed, respectively. The descending order for mean (μg/g) elemental occurrence observed was as follows: Ba > Al > Zn > Ni > Mn > Ba > Hg > Mo > Cu > Cr > Ag > Cd > Co > Bi, whereas the range for these elements in the 44-medicinal plants was as follows: Pb > Al > Zn > Ni > Mn > Cu > Mo > Ag > Ba > Hg > Co > Cd > Cr > Bi. Pb, Hg and Cd were found beyond the maximum limits in these medicinal plants, while the remaining elements were found well within the range of maximum limits. A number of medicinal plants showed high amounts of these elements. Some plants contained more than one element, such as Mill (Pb, Hg, Cd), (Pb, Cd), (Pb, Cd) and (Pb, Hg). The data matrix was validated through the statistical tools of principal component analysis (= 160.44, = .00), Pearson's correlation ( = .01 and 0.05), and K-mean cluster analysis (F = 104.55, = .00). The findings of the study provide baseline data for the comparative analysis of these medicinal plants, which may help select safe medicinal plants in terms of consumer-based use and its utilisation for the treatment of various ailments.
药用植物在沙特阿拉伯王国被广泛用于以民间医药的形式治疗各种疾病。从当地市场收集了44种此类药用植物样本，并对其中14种元素（锰、铬、钴、镍、铜、钼、铝、铅、钡、锌、银、汞、铋、镉）的存在情况进行了评估。采用微波辅助消解结合电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）来测定这些药用植物中的元素组成。在所有植物样本中均观察到这些元素的广泛存在，但铋和钴除外，其最低平均值分别为0.03±0.04和0.03±0.15。观察到的元素平均含量（μg/g）从高到低的顺序如下：钡>铝>锌>镍>锰>钡>汞>钼>铜>铬>银>镉>钴>铋，而这44种药用植物中这些元素的含量范围如下：铅>铝>锌>镍>锰>铜>钼>银>钡>汞>钴>镉>铬>铋。在这些药用植物中发现铅、汞和镉超出了最大限量，而其余元素均在最大限量范围内。许多药用植物显示出这些元素的含量很高。一些植物含有不止一种元素，如Mill（铅、汞、镉）、（铅、镉）、（铅、镉）和（铅、汞）。通过主成分分析（=160.44，=0.00）、皮尔逊相关性（=0.01和0.05）以及K均值聚类分析（F = 104.55，=0.00）等统计工具对数据矩阵进行了验证。该研究结果为这些药用植物的比较分析提供了基线数据，这可能有助于根据消费者使用情况选择安全的药用植物及其用于治疗各种疾病。
