Dal Corso Jacopo, Bernardi Massimo, Sun Yadong, Song Haijun, Seyfullah Leyla J, Preto Nereo, Gianolla Piero, Ruffell Alastair, Kustatscher Evelyn, Roghi Guido, Merico Agostino, Hohn Sönke, Schmidt Alexander R, Marzoli Andrea, Newton Robert J, Wignall Paul B, Benton Michael J
School of Earth and Environments, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, Wuhan, China.
Sci Adv. 2020 Sep 16;6(38). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba0099. Print 2020 Sep.
The Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic) was a time of global environmental changes and possibly substantial coeval volcanism. The extent of the biological turnover in marine and terrestrial ecosystems is not well understood. Here, we present a meta-analysis of fossil data that suggests a substantial reduction in generic and species richness and the disappearance of 33% of marine genera. This crisis triggered major radiations. In the sea, the rise of the first scleractinian reefs and rock-forming calcareous nannofossils points to substantial changes in ocean chemistry. On land, there were major diversifications and originations of conifers, insects, dinosaurs, crocodiles, lizards, turtles, and mammals. Although there is uncertainty on the precise age of some of the recorded biological changes, these observations indicate that the Carnian Pluvial Episode was linked to a major extinction event and might have been the trigger of the spectacular radiation of many key groups that dominate modern ecosystems.
卡尼期洪积事件（晚三叠世）是一个全球环境变化的时期，同时可能伴随着大规模的同期火山活动。目前对于海洋和陆地生态系统中生物更替的程度还了解不足。在此，我们对化石数据进行了一项荟萃分析，结果表明属和物种丰富度大幅降低，33%的海洋属消失。这场危机引发了重大的辐射演化。在海洋中，第一批石珊瑚礁和形成岩石的钙质超微化石的出现表明海洋化学发生了重大变化。在陆地上，针叶树、昆虫、恐龙、鳄鱼、蜥蜴、龟类和哺乳动物出现了重大的多样化和起源。尽管一些记录的生物变化的确切年代存在不确定性，但这些观察结果表明，卡尼期洪积事件与一次重大灭绝事件有关，并且可能是许多主导现代生态系统的关键类群发生壮观辐射演化的触发因素。
