Chen Dugang, Feng Yangzhen
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2022;52(3):649-666. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1819193. Epub 2020 Sep 17.
The selective detection of glutathione (GSH) and has attracted great attentions, credited to its important role in life activities and association with a series of diseases. Among all kinds of analytical techniques, the fluorescent probe for GSH detection become prevalent recently because of its ease of operation, high temporal-spatial resolution, visualization and noninvasiveness, etc. The special structural features of GSH, such as the nucleophilicity of sulfhydryl group, the concerted reaction ability of amino group, the negative charged nature, the latent hydrogen bonding ability along with its flexible molecular chain, are all potent factors to be employed to design the specific fluorescent probe for GSH and discriminate it from other bio-species including its analogues cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy). This paper reviewed the studies in the last 3 years and was organized based on the reaction mechanism of each probe. According to the reactivity of GSH, various recognition mechanisms including Michael addition, nucleophilic aromatic substitution, ordinary nucleophilic substitution, multi-site reaction, and other unique reactions have been utilized to construct the GSH specific fluorescent probes, and the molecular design strategy, photophysical property, recognition mechanism, and bioimaging application of each reported probe were all discussed here systematically. Great progress has been made in this area, and we believe the analyses and summarization of these excellent studies would provide valuable message and inspiration to researchers to advance the research toward clinic applications.
谷胱甘肽（GSH）的选择性检测备受关注，这归功于其在生命活动中的重要作用以及与一系列疾病的关联。在各种分析技术中，用于检测GSH的荧光探针因其操作简便、时空分辨率高、可视化及非侵入性等优点，近年来变得十分流行。GSH的特殊结构特征，如巯基的亲核性、氨基的协同反应能力、带负电荷的性质、潜在的氢键形成能力以及其灵活的分子链，都是设计针对GSH的特异性荧光探针并将其与包括半胱氨酸（Cys）和同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）在内的其他生物物种区分开来的有力因素。本文综述了过去3年的研究，并根据每种探针的反应机理进行组织。根据GSH的反应活性，包括迈克尔加成、亲核芳香取代、普通亲核取代、多位点反应以及其他独特反应在内的各种识别机制已被用于构建GSH特异性荧光探针，本文还系统地讨论了每种已报道探针的分子设计策略、光物理性质、识别机制及生物成像应用。该领域已取得了重大进展，我们相信对这些优秀研究的分析和总结将为研究人员推进临床应用研究提供有价值的信息和灵感。
