Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America.
Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2020 Sep 17;15(9):e0238866. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238866. eCollection 2020.
During the last 10 years, we have learned a great deal about the potential for a coastal peopling of the Americas and the importance of marine resources in early economies. Despite research at a growing number of terminal Pleistocene archaeological sites on the Pacific Coast of the Americas, however, important questions remain about the lifeways of early Paleocoastal peoples. Research at CA-SRI-26, a roughly 11,700 year old site on California's Santa Rosa Island, provides new data on Paleoindian technologies, subsistence strategies, and seasonality in an insular maritime setting. Buried beneath approximately two meters of alluvium, much of the site has been lost to erosion, but its remnants have produced chipped stone artifacts (crescents and Channel Island Amol and Channel Island Barbed points) diagnostic of early island Paleocoastal components. The bones of waterfowl and seabirds, fish, and marine mammals, along with small amounts of shellfish document a diverse subsistence strategy. These data support a relatively brief occupation during the wetter "winter" season (late fall to early spring), in an upland location several km from the open coast. When placed in the context of other Paleocoastal sites on the Channel Islands, CA-SRI-26 demonstrates diverse maritime subsistence strategies and a mix of seasonal and more sustained year-round island occupations. Our results add to knowledge about a distinctive island Paleocoastal culture that appears to be related to Western Stemmed Tradition sites widely scattered across western North America.
在过去的 10 年中,我们对美洲沿海地区的人口潜力以及海洋资源在早期经济中的重要性有了很多了解。然而,尽管在美洲太平洋沿岸越来越多的末次冰期晚期考古遗址进行了研究,但关于早期古沿海居民的生活方式仍存在一些重要问题。位于加利福尼亚州圣罗莎岛的 CA-SRI-26 是一个大约有 11700 年历史的遗址,对古印第安人技术、生计策略和季节性在岛屿海洋环境中的研究提供了新的数据。由于侵蚀,该遗址大约两米厚的冲积层下的大部分都已丢失,但仍保留了一些可识别早期岛屿古沿海地区组成部分的有刃石器(新月形和海峡岛无刃石矛头和海峡岛有倒钩石矛头)。水禽和海鸟、鱼类和海洋哺乳动物的骨头,以及少量的贝类,记录了一种多样化的生计策略。这些数据支持在较湿润的“冬季”(晚秋至早春)季节,在离开阔海岸几公里的高地进行相对短暂的居住。当将 CA-SRI-26 置于海峡群岛上其他古沿海遗址的背景下时,它展示了多样化的海洋生计策略以及季节性和更持续的全年岛屿居住的混合。我们的研究结果增加了对一种独特的岛屿古沿海文化的了解,这种文化似乎与广泛分布于北美西部的西方茎柄传统遗址有关。