Department of Anthropology and Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1224, USA.
Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2010;2:231-51. doi: 10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163749.
Interdisciplinary study of coastal archaeological sites provides a wealth of information on the ecology and evolution of ancient marine animal populations, the structure of past marine ecosystems, and the history of human impacts on coastal fisheries. In this paper, we review recent methodological developments in the archaeology and historical ecology of coastal regions around the world. Using two case studies, we examine (a) a deep history of anthropogenic effects on the marine ecosystems of California's Channel Islands through the past 12,000 years and (b) geographic variation in the effects of human fishing on Pacific Island peoples who spread through Oceania during the late Holocene. These case studies--the first focused on hunter-gatherers, the second on maritime horticulturalists-provide evidence for shifting baselines and timelines, documenting a much deeper anthropogenic influence on many coastal ecosystems and fisheries than considered by most ecologists, conservation biologists, and fisheries managers.
对沿海考古遗址的跨学科研究为古代海洋动物种群的生态和进化、过去海洋生态系统的结构以及人类对沿海渔业影响的历史提供了丰富的信息。在本文中，我们回顾了世界各地沿海地区考古学和历史生态学的最新方法进展。我们使用两个案例研究来考察：(a) 过去 12000 年来人类对加利福尼亚海峡群岛海洋生态系统的影响的深远历史；(b) 人类在全新世后期通过大洋洲扩散到太平洋岛屿的人类捕鱼对太平洋岛民的影响的地理差异。这两个案例研究——第一个侧重于狩猎采集者，第二个侧重于航海园艺师——为不断变化的基线和时间线提供了证据，证明许多沿海生态系统和渔业受到的人为影响比大多数生态学家、保护生物学家和渔业管理者所认为的要深得多。
