Totz Carl H, Olmi Simona, Schöll Eckehard
Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée Research Centre, 2004 Route des Lucioles, 06902 Valbonne, France.
Phys Rev E. 2020 Aug;102(2-1):022311. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.102.022311.
In this work we suggest modeling the dynamics of power grids in terms of a two-layer network, and we use the Italian high-voltage power grid as a proof-of-principle example. The first layer in our model represents the power grid consisting of generators and consumers, while the second layer represents a dynamic communication network that serves as a controller of the first layer. In particular, the dynamics of the power grid is modeled by the Kuramoto model with inertia, while the communication layer provides a control signal P_{i}^{c} for each generator to improve frequency synchronization within the power grid. We propose different realizations of the communication layer topology and different ways to calculate the control signal. Then we conduct a systematic survey of the two-layer system against a multitude of different realistic perturbation scenarios, such as disconnecting generators, increasing demand of consumers, or generators with stochastic power output. When using a control topology that allows all generators to exchange information, we find that a control scheme aimed to minimize the frequency difference between adjacent nodes operates very efficiently even against the worst scenarios with the strongest perturbations.
在这项工作中，我们建议从双层网络的角度对电网动态进行建模，并以意大利高压电网作为原理验证示例。我们模型的第一层代表由发电机和用户组成的电网，而第二层代表作为第一层控制器的动态通信网络。具体而言，电网动态由带惯性的Kuramoto模型建模，而通信层为每个发电机提供控制信号(P_{i}^{c})，以改善电网内的频率同步。我们提出了通信层拓扑的不同实现方式以及计算控制信号的不同方法。然后，我们针对多种不同的现实扰动场景，如断开发电机连接、增加用户需求或具有随机功率输出的发电机，对双层系统进行了系统研究。当使用允许所有发电机交换信息的控制拓扑时，我们发现旨在最小化相邻节点间频率差的控制方案即使在面对最强扰动的最坏情况下也能非常有效地运行。
