Genetic Heterogeneity of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Inherited Family History.

BACKGROUND

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumor with significant geographical variation and familial aggregation. However, the potentially different mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis in patients with ESCC with and without a family history of the disease remain unclear. In this study, the genes mutated in familial and nonfamilial ESCC were analyzed. Further, we aimed to explore the genes related to ESCC and attempt to identify potential patients in families with a history of ESCC.

METHODS

Next-generation sequencing technology was used to examine germline mutations and mutation profiles in 36 matched tumor-normal ESCC specimens. Additionally, tumor mutational burden (TMB) values were measured in two cohorts.

RESULTS

We identified four novel germline mutations in patients with familial ESCC, in (c.121dupG: p.E41G), (c.374dupA: p.D125E), (c.856G>A: p.E286K), and (c.923+1G>A). Mutation profiles revealed that patients with and without a family history of ESCC had similar high-frequency gene mutation profiles, among which was the most commonly mutated gene. Additionally, tumor-specific mutated genes in patients with a positive family history of ESCC were , and , while those in patients without a family history of ESCC were , and . Moreover, patients with positive family history had significantly higher TMB values (7.8 ± 4.1 vs 5.0 ± 2.4, for patients with and without a family history, respectively; P = 0.038).

CONCLUSION

Our results identified mutation profiles in patients with familial and nonfamilial ESCC, and identified germline mutations in patients with positive history. TMB values may be informative for immunotherapy approaches in familial ESCC.