Centre for Medical Humanities, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci. 2020 Oct;83:101131. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2018.04.004.
This article discusses the appropriation of Soviet science in Romania during the late 1940s. To achieve this, I discuss various publications on biology, anthropology, heredity and genetics. In a climate of major political change, following the end of the Second World War, all scientific fields in Romania were gradually subjected to political pressures to adapt and change according to a new ideological context. Yet the adoption of Soviet science during the late 1940s was not a straightforward process of scientific acculturation. Whilst the deference to Soviet authors remained consistent through most of Romanian scientific literature at the time, what is perhaps less visible is the attempt to refashion Romanian science itself in order to serve the country's new political imaginary and social transformation. Some Romanian biologists and physicians embraced Soviet scientific theories as a demonstration of their loyalty to the newly established regime. Others, however, were remained committed to local and Western scientific traditions they deemed essential to the survival of their discipline. A critical reassessment of the late 1940s is essential to an understanding of these dissensions as well as of the overall political and institutional constraints shaping the development of a new politics of science in communist Romania.
本文讨论了 20 世纪 40 年代末罗马尼亚对苏联科学的挪用。为了实现这一目标，我讨论了各种关于生物学、人类学、遗传学的出版物。在第二次世界大战结束后的重大政治变革氛围中，罗马尼亚的所有科学领域都逐渐受到政治压力的影响，需要根据新的意识形态背景进行适应和变革。然而，20 世纪 40 年代末对苏联科学的采纳并不是一个简单的科学同化过程。尽管当时罗马尼亚大部分科学文献都一直对苏联作者表示尊重，但不太明显的是，罗马尼亚科学界自身也试图重塑，以服务于国家新的政治想象和社会转型。一些罗马尼亚生物学家和医生接受了苏联的科学理论，以表明他们对新建立的政权的忠诚。然而，其他人仍然致力于他们认为对学科生存至关重要的地方和西方科学传统。对 20 世纪 40 年代末的批判性重新评估对于理解这些分歧以及塑造共产主义罗马尼亚新科学政治发展的整体政治和制度限制至关重要。
