政治独裁对俄罗斯科学的影响。

The consequences of political dictatorship for Russian science.

作者信息

Soyfer V N

机构信息

Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MSN 3E1, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA.

出版信息

Nat Rev Genet. 2001 Sep;2(9):723-9. doi: 10.1038/35088598.

DOI:10.1038/35088598

PMID:11533721

Abstract

The Soviet communist regime had devastating consequences on the state of Russian twentieth century science. Country Communist leaders promoted Trofim Lysenko--an agronomist and keen supporter of the inheritance of acquired characters--and the Soviet government imposed a complete ban on the practice and teaching of genetics, which it condemned as a "bourgeois perversion". Russian science, which had previously flourished, rapidly declined, and many valuable scientific discoveries made by leading Russian geneticists were forgotten.

摘要

苏联共产主义政权给20世纪的俄罗斯科学状况带来了毁灭性后果。该国共产党领导人推崇特罗菲姆·李森科——一位农学家且是获得性性状遗传的坚定支持者——而苏联政府全面禁止遗传学的实践和教学，将其斥为“资产阶级堕落”。此前繁荣发展的俄罗斯科学迅速衰落，俄罗斯顶尖遗传学家所取得的许多宝贵科学发现被遗忘。